Autonomous sewage system "Topaz": description, advantages, disadvantages and principle of operation. Ooo septic tank - autonomous sewerage system, topas septic tank for your dacha and home! Topas cleaning system

One of the ways to organize individual sewerage for a private house, cottage or summer house is to install an autonomous wastewater treatment plant. In short, such treatment plants are called AU, and in conversation the more familiar concept of “septic tank” is often used, although this is not entirely correct. Today we will talk about such an installation produced by the Topol Eco company. Their products are called Topas septic tank, they are widely distributed and have good reviews.

Modifications

The Topas septic tank looks like a plastic box with a lid. The body of the unit is made of polypropylene, so it does not corrode, rot, or react with the contents or the environment.

Exterior view of the Topas septic tank

These stations are produced with different capacities, designed to process different amounts of wastewater. From 4 to 20 people live in private houses and cottages at a time. For such cases, stations Topas 4, Topas 6, etc., up to Topas 20 are used. For servicing hotels and groups of houses, there are more productive ones designed for 30, 40, 50, 75, 100 and 150 people.

Models have been developed for different groundwater levels: low and high. If the groundwater level is high, you should choose a Topas septic tank with a postscript - Pr. These models are equipped with an additional pump for pumping moisture into the drainage system, storm sewer, a separate container with the possibility of its further use, etc.

There are modifications for different depths of sewer pipes:

• up to 80 cm, models marked “standard” are suitable;
• at a depth of 80 to 140 cm - Long, have an elongated neck;
• for those buried deeper than 140 cm -240 cm - Long Us.

There are no installations for even deeper burial. When choosing an installation, you first need to decide on the maximum number of people who can live in the house at the same time. In accordance with this, select the performance of the unit. Next, the groundwater level at the installation site of the Topas septic tank is taken into account, as well as the depth at which the supply communications should be located (depending on the depth of soil freezing in the region).

Design and principle of operation

This autonomous treatment station is internally divided into four compartments, each of which has its own cleaning stage. The wastewater sequentially goes through all four stages of purification; at the end, as the manufacturer says, the degree of purification is 98%. Waste processing occurs with the help of aerobic bacteria that live in the presence of oxygen. To ensure their vital functions, each compartment has aerators that pump air.

The Topas septic tank works according to the following principle:

• The wastewater enters the receiving chamber, where it begins to be processed by bacteria. While filling is in progress, air is supplied to the chamber to activate bacterial activity. During the process, insoluble particles settle to the bottom, while fat-containing particles rise to the surface. In this compartment there is a filter for large fractions - this is a large diameter pipe in which holes are made. There is a pump installed inside this pipe that pumps the water that has passed through the filter. Thus, the drainage enters the next compartment without large contaminants - they remain in the receiver and bacteria continue to process them. At this stage, the wastewater is purified by approximately 45-50%.
• From the receiving chamber, partially purified water is pumped into the second compartment - the aeration tank. When filling, aeration switches here, which allows you to raise pollution particles above the surface of the water. Since the shape of the chamber is pyramidal, they settle quickly. About 20-30% of contaminants still remain in this compartment. With the help of pumps and special airlifts, semi-purified wastewater enters the third chamber, and excess sludge from the bottom is pumped into the stabilizer chamber.
• The third and fourth chambers are similar in structure to the second. Here, according to the same principle, the final purification of wastewater occurs.
• Clarified water from the last compartment, by gravity or using pumps, is directed into the ground, into a container where water is stored for technical use, into a filtration column, etc.

As you understand, the entire operation of the Topas septic tank is based on the activity of bacteria. They require certain conditions - the presence of oxygen, positive temperature. Aerators supply bacteria with oxygen, so it is very important to provide the installation with continuous power supply. After turning off the power, bacteria can survive for 4-8 hours. If the air supply is not restored during this time, the installation will have to be populated with new ones.

Disadvantages and features of operation

When operated correctly, the Topas septic tank cleans drains well, and with regular maintenance it does not smell. With the right volume, it ensures a comfortable city-level existence even in the country. All this is true, but there are also disadvantages:

• Dependence on the availability of electricity.
• The need for regular maintenance (2-4 times a year, list and description of work below).
• Restriction on salvo discharge. Each Topas septic tank model can accept a certain volume of waste at a time. You cannot drain more than this volume. This can become a problem if there are a large number of guests.
• Not everything can be drained into an autonomous sewer system. Large fragments that do not pass through the drain grate are not allowed; newspapers or any insoluble fragments are not allowed to get into the drains. Disinfectants that can get there in large quantities have a very bad effect on bacteria.
• It is necessary to take care of where you will drain/dispose of the treated wastewater. They cannot be used for watering a vegetable garden or garden, only for technical needs - watering the lawn, flower bed, etc., washing the car. Another option is to install a post-treatment station and discharge it into a drainage ditch (if there is one nearby), remove the treated wastewater into a filter column or pit filled with crushed stone for further treatment and absorption into the ground.
• In seasonal homes (dachas), it is necessary to preserve the system for the winter, otherwise the bacteria will die.

So there are certain restrictions on use. However, these settings give better results than conventional ones.

Installation and commissioning

Installation of a Topas septic tank begins with marking the site - it is necessary to determine the optimal installation position. There should be no large trees or bushes nearby; it should be located so that sewer pipes from the house do not have to be pulled very far, but at the same time, it is convenient to send the purified water for further processing.

Installation

A pit is dug in the selected location. Its dimensions are 30-40 cm larger than the dimensions of the septic tank body. The depth should be such that only the manhole cover remains on the surface. It must be remembered that a 10 cm layer of sand is poured onto the bottom of the pit.

The pit is dug to the required depth, the bottom is leveled, then sand is poured 5 cm thick, each layer is spilled and leveled. The latter needs to be leveled “to the horizon” - using a rule or an even bar on which the level is set.

A trench is being dug towards the pit from the house. Its depth depends on the level of the home sewer outlet. The width of the trench is at least 25 cm, but it is very difficult to work in one, so it usually turns out wider. When digging a trench, remember that the pipe must go from the house towards the septic tank with a slope of 2 cm by 1 meter. Making the slope more or less is not recommended. With a larger slope, the water will drain away quickly, and solid particles will remain in the pipe; a smaller slope will not provide the required speed of movement of the wastewater.

The bottom of the dug trench is leveled, a 10 cm layer of sand is poured onto it, compacted and leveled, forming the desired slope. A polypropylene sewer pipe for outdoor use is laid on the sand. Its diameter is 110 mm. When connecting sections, in addition to the O-rings, the joints are coated with silicone sealant for external use.

The pipeline is connected to the outlet of the drain and laid with a given slope in the trench. The slope is checked using a level. The pipe is filled with sand (not soil), which serves to compensate for soil pressure during frost heaving. They fill it up so that the top of the pipe is covered with sand.

In the same trench, along the sewer pipe, a power cable is laid that goes to the Topas septic tank. They usually use VVG cable 4*1.5 mm. It is placed in a HDPE (low pressure) pipe with a diameter of 20 mm. The cable, wrapped in a protective sheath, is laid in a trench and brought into the house, where the cable ends with a plug. The second end of the cable will need to be connected to the septic tank.

The next stage of installing an autonomous Topas sewer system is installing the device in a prepared pit. It must be lowered carefully, without hitting it. Polypropylene, although a durable material, is still plastic, so it can crack upon impact. You can lower the Topas septic tank manually or using a crane. To allow the ropes to be securely fixed, there are holes in the ribs running along the perimeter of the body. A rope is pulled through them. One at the bottom, the second in the middle of the height. The rope should span two opposite sides of the body.

Holding these ropes, the installation is carefully lowered into the pit. Then, placing a level on the lid, check how level the Topas septic tank is.

There remains a gap of 20-30 cm between the walls of the body and the pit. It must be filled with sand. Gradually, we fill the walls in a circle, while simultaneously filling the septic tank with water. At the same time, we make sure that the water level and the sand level are approximately equal. Having poured a layer of 40-50 cm, the sand is spilled with water. At the same time, it becomes denser and falls lower in level. So, gradually, the pit is filled to the top. After this, we can assume that the Topas septic tank is installed, and the installation and connection of its equipment begins.

Installation of equipment

First we connect the power cable. To do this, remove the protective cover on the input box and connect the conductors to the mounting plate in accordance with the diagram. The ends of the conductors are stripped of 0.8-1 mm of insulation, inserted into the appropriate sockets, and secured with clamping screws.

The next stage is connecting the sewer system from the house. It is brought to the septic tank itself. In the place where the pipe will enter the body, draw a circle around the pipe. Then a hole is cut out using a jigsaw.

The hole is coated with silicone sealant. A piece of pipe with a socket at the end is inserted into it so that it grows

The rub is on the outside, and it should fit snugly against the body (you can tap it with your fist to make it fit well). The resulting joint is sealed by fusing a 7 mm thick polypropylene tape.

The sewage system supplied from the house is connected to the installed section of pipe (do not forget to coat the joints with silicone).

We install the pumps according to this marking, connecting pipes to their inputs (visible in the photo above). We install flexible couplings on the nozzles, put the other end on the pump inlet, and plug the plug into the socket on the body with the same number.

Actually, at this point we can assume that the Topas septic tank has been installed. All that remains is to carry out a test run. To do this, connect the Topas autonomous sewer system to the network and begin pouring water into the receiving compartment (no drains yet). Until the compartment is full, the float sensor is at the bottom, air flows into the receiving chamber. When the water level reaches a certain point, the float will float up, and the air supply will switch to the air tank - the second pyramid compartment. Then all that remains is to start using the sewer, monitoring the cleaning results. Let us say right away that in the first month, with intensive use, the drainage may be cloudy. This is because there are still few bacteria and they do not fully cope with their task. After a month the situation should improve.

Service

Autonomous wastewater treatment plants, which include the Topas septic tank, are often called sewerage without pumping. This does not mean that the installation does not require maintenance at all. The point is that there is no need to call a sewer truck, but it is necessary to remove sludge periodically. How often? 1-4 times a year, depending on the intensity of use.

It is also periodically necessary to remove from the receiving compartment fragments that bacteria cannot process. This operation is carried out with a net by opening the lid. And one more procedure is cleaning the filter for large fractions and airlifts. The efficiency of the installation depends on their condition.

Cleaning filters

Another operation that must be carried out regularly is cleaning the filters on the pumps. To do this, you need to unscrew the large plastic nuts that are located on the top of the pumps. By removing the nuts, you can lift the covers under which the filters are located. If the filters are clean, you don’t need to do anything with them; if there is contamination, they are washed in cold running water, dried and put back in place.

Removing excess sludge

Excess activated sludge, which is formed during operation, enters the stabilizer chamber, where it is mineralized. They must be removed from this compartment periodically. The recommended frequency of the procedure is once every three months, but many determine that the time has come by the appearance of a smell, which indicates that sludge has accumulated. Removal occurs using a pump (air lift) located in the stabilization chamber. This process is simple, all you need is:

• Turn off the power (toggle switch).
• Put on gloves and place a bucket.
• Open the plug.
• Lower the hose into the bucket and turn on the pump.
• After cleaning the chamber, fill the chamber with clean water and close the cap.

This operation can be carried out using a fecal pump. In this case, pumping can be done once a year.

Cleaning the filter and airlifts

During operation, the filter and airlifts become dirty, which affects the efficiency of wastewater treatment. To restore them they need to be cleaned. This is done using a powerful stream of water; the air cleaner nozzles are cleaned manually - using a needle. The procedure for cleaning a Topas septic tank is as follows:

• Turn off the power.
• Disconnect the air supply hoses and remove the pumps from the housing.
• Spray with a stream of water under pressure - outside and inside.
• When cleaning the air cleaner, clean the nozzles with a needle.
• Put everything in place, add water to the operating level, turn it on and check the operation.

This is all the necessary maintenance work for the Topas septic tank.

At the stage of designing or building a house, it is worth developing a sewerage system, since a certain comfort of living in the future house depends on it. An excellent option, which is highly preferred by owners of country cottages, is the autonomous Topas sewage system. The installation carries out purification and biological treatment of wastewater using forced air supply; a compressor is used to force air into the system.

Work of the Topas septic tank

The biopurification system operates using an electrical network, that is, it is plugged into an outlet at home. This is necessary for the pumps and compressor, which are the main elements of the septic tank, to function. Many may think that with such an installation there may be problems with a large waste of electricity. However, there is nothing to worry about, Topas consumes as much energy as one light bulb, that is, not much. And this can undoubtedly be considered a big plus. Also, a great advantage of such a device is that it does not require heating/heating, since during its operation, heat will be released independently during the process of wastewater treatment.

It is worth noting that aerobic bacteria are capable of purifying contaminants by 98%, this will save you from the need to build additional filtration fields or other thorough cleaning systems. The work of Septic tank Topas consists of cleaning based on the principle of sedimentation and biological decay.

Advantages of autonomous sewage system Topas

As a rule, the modern Topas sewerage system has a number of advantages over its competitors, namely:

Unlike other classic septic tanks, the Topas station with a bio-treatment function does not require pumping out wastewater using a sewer truck throughout its entire service life. This way you will save on calling such specialists and, of course, save yourself from the unpleasant odor;
insoluble sediment accumulates in a special tank, it is easy to clean it yourself;
This septic tank is suitable for use both in a private home and in the country, the main thing is to choose the right model and calculate the amount of liquid used per day.

Septic tank "Topas" is an autonomous sewerage system for country cottages and summer cottages that do not have a connection to a centralized sewerage system. In the basic configuration it is equipped with two compressors operating alternately. At the outlet, the water can flow by gravity into a well, pond or container for subsequent watering of cultivated plants.

The modification marked C differs from the main one in that it is served by only one compressor unit, which supplies the system with air using a distribution valve.

Topas Pr is produced for installation in areas with loamy and poorly absorbent soils. Its difference is the presence of a drainage pump designed for forced removal of wastewater. Advantages: ability to descend in any direction and throw over long distances

A septic tank with the name “Long” is recommended for areas with deep freezing of the ground. Its installation allows the supply pipe to be buried more than 80 cm from the zero level (the maximum permissible value is 140 cm).

Topas US has a reinforced body that can withstand increased pressure from soil masses.

Design and principle of operation

Externally, the septic tank is a polypropylene box with a lid. Internally it is divided into five main compartments:

1. Receiver with a built-in filter for sifting out large fractions of dirt;
2. Aerotank filled with aerobic bacteria;
3. Settler for liquid clarification;
4. Sludge accumulation compartment;
5. Compression section in which the pump is installed.

The operating principle is no different from standard biological stations with three chambers. The wastewater enters the first compartment through pipes. Here, settling occurs to filter out coarse and insoluble particles of an organic and inorganic nature.

After initial clarification, the liquid is pumped into the next compartment, where treatment with aerobic bacteria is carried out. Thanks to the start of the fermentation cycle, the water at this stage is purified by 75–80%. Then the activated sludge is pumped into a special storage tank, and the wastewater is redirected to the settling tank. Purified to 98%, they are discharged outside (into a special container, drainage ditch, natural or artificial reservoir, soil).

When choosing a modification, you should take into account the processing power for which the station is designed. This is indicated by the numerical marking parameter (from 4 to 150), which determines the number of simultaneously served users.

Disadvantages and features of operation

When using the Topas bioseptic tank, the capacity of the receiving compartment, which determines the volume of salvo discharge, should be taken into account.

Among the shortcomings are:

• The need to regularly pump out excess sludge;
• Dependence on the power grid;
• It is inadmissible to discharge chlorine bleaches and other chlorine-based compounds into the sewer system that destroy bioactive mass;
• If clogged or overfilled, the septic tank may fail;
• Violations of the conditions of use at home may result in damage.

Installation and commissioning

Installation of the station is quite simple, the main thing is to follow the manufacturer’s recommendations. However, without sufficient experience, it is better to entrust installation and connection to professionals.

First of all, a place is selected that meets the requirements of sanitary standards in terms of distance from buildings, a source of drinking water (if the house does not have a central water supply), a road and a fence. As a rule, this distance is at least 4 meters.

Then they begin to prepare the pit for the Topas septic tank. Its dimensions should be 20–25 cm larger than the body on each side. If the site has loose, crumbling soil, to facilitate the work, install wooden formwork to prevent the destruction of the walls. A sand cushion (10–15 cm) is poured onto the bottom and compacted well. Then carefully lower the structure, installing it strictly horizontally using a building level.

The sinuses are filled with sand. To prevent the bioseptic tank from being pushed out by soil, backfilling is carried out with parallel filling of the container.

A pipe is laid from the station to the house to transport sewerage to the septic tank. A ditch for descent is equipped. It is advisable to entrust electrical installation and connection to the electrical network to an experienced electrician.

Before putting into operation, you must read the manufacturer's instructions or seek advice from a competent specialist.

Service

• To prevent excess sludge from getting into the purified water, it must be pumped out periodically. Otherwise, it will grow and overwhelm the department allocated for it.
• For the biological treatment system to operate effectively, a certain level of liquid must be maintained in the sump.
• It is recommended to change compressor membranes every 2 years.
• Cleaning of insoluble dirt particles settled to the bottom is carried out systematically by a specialist from the service company or independently.
• The bacterial filter has a lifespan of 12 years, after which it must be replaced.

As a result of improper operation and untimely maintenance of the septic tank, breakdowns are possible, so you should enter into an agreement with a specialized company that will inspect, repair and replace faulty parts.

Septic tank TOPAS is a modern technology based on biological enzymes that helps to localize pollution and dispose of wastewater in private homes, commercial and office premises, buildings, bathhouses and country cottages. The sewer cleaning process takes place in three stages, which allows you to achieve the most effective results.

Septic tank TOPAS

Operating principle of the TOPAS septic tank

Conventional treatment plants decompose toxic wastewater impurities without air entering the system, which provides only 60-70% of purification. The principle of operation of the TOPAS septic tank is to digest contaminants using air pumping and activated sludge. Activated sludge is aerobic bacteria and microorganisms saturated with oxygen.

Thanks to aerobic enzymes, the TOPAS septic tank cleaning method is considered the most productive - sewer water is purified of toxic substances and waste by 98%. This result cannot be obtained using a standard septic tank. The operation of the TOPAS installation involves alternating aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.

Wastewater disposal is carried out strictly step by step:

1. anaerobic treatment - with reduced oxygen content;
2. aerobic purification - saturation of the liquid with fresh air;
3. repeated anaerobic cleaning - microorganisms that can exist without oxygen are again involved.

Using this algorithm, 98% of contaminated water is purified, which allows the liquid to be used for technical purposes. At the same time, clean water does not cause poisoning or allergies, and is safe for the environment and surrounding people.

TOPAS septic tank installation

To understand the workflow for waste disposal, you should know the design of the TOPAS septic tank. The internal configuration conventionally consists of five compartments:

1. the receiving chamber into which the waste flows (A);
2. wastewater tanks, or aeration tanks, into which water is directed by an airlift (B);
3. additional compartment for waste recycling (B);
4. sedimentation tank, or pyramid, receiving sludge from the aeration tank (D);
5. control sectors with compressors and electrical wiring (D).

Each of the compartments has an individual configuration. Together they form a single mechanism consisting of the following elements:

• hole for drainage input (1);
• coarse waste filter (2);
• pump from the chamber to the aeration tank (3);
• airlift of filtered sludge (4);
• pump for pumping wastewater into the pyramid (5);
• compressors (6);
• collection of difficult-to-process particles (7);
• outlet block for purified water (8);
• liquid level regulation sensor (9);
• junction box (10);
• control buttons (11);
• autonomous safety control unit (12);
• crushed sludge filter (13);
• re-filtration regulator (14);
• circulation pump (15);
• air distributor (16).

A diagram of the internal structure of the treatment plant allows you to understand how the TOPAS septic tank works.

Waste waste enters the receiving chamber. Under the influence of air from the aerators, the initial stage of cleaning occurs. The effluent treated with a large particle filter is transferred to the aeration tank. Here they undergo more thorough filtration. In the aeration tank, activated sludge and bacteria are used for processing. The purified substances enter an additional compartment in which water is separated from sludge. The clean liquid is discharged outside, the separated sediment into the pyramid.

How to choose the right TOPAS septic tank

The equipment model should be selected depending on the technical characteristics, taking into account the location of the building and the number of people. Proper selection of the system will ensure uninterrupted operation of the septic tank for several decades without breakdowns.

Each installation is designed for a certain number of people living in the house or at the enterprise. Conventionally, all models can be divided into four groups:

• for a summer house or cottage (4-9 people);
• for a country house (10-15 people);
• for an enterprise (20-75 people);
• for a large building (80-150 people).

All models in the catalog have a numerical article in the name, indicating the recommended number of people. For example, TOPAS-4 or TOPAS-8 are ideal for a private home. TOPAS-20 or TOPAS-50 are intended for service buildings, and TOPAS-100 or TOPAS-150 are ideal for a group of residential buildings or large-scale production.

The volume of volley discharge of wastewater depends on the number of people and plumbing, as well as on the frequency of water use. The average volume of liquid used per day per person is 175-200 liters. This indicator must be increased by the total number of people living or working. The resulting amount is the minimum capacity of the septic tank.

For example, TOPAS-6 is capable of processing 250 liters per hour, while TOPAS-30 and TOPAS-75 can purify up to 1200 and 2250 liters per hour, respectively.

The more salvo discharge is carried out, the deeper the pipes should be located in the ground. This condition must be met in order for the load on the septic tank to correspond to its capacity and purpose. Conventional cleaning systems go deep into the ground to a depth of 0.8 m. The “long” modifications are designed for 1.2-1.4 m, “longyc” - from 1.5 m.

Also, when choosing a TOPAS treatment plant, it is necessary to determine the pipeline in advance. The recommended diameter of the pipes is 11 or 18 cm. At the same time, you should not forget about the slope - 2 cm per meter of length - and insulation of the pipes so that they do not burst from frost in winter.

If groundwater flows at a depth of 0.5 meters, you can choose any TOPAS septic tank model. Sewage can discharge into the soil without separate drainage, and there is no risk of flooding the site. If the groundwater is above 0.5 meters, it is worth taking a closer look at modifications with the article number “pr”. They are equipped with a separate drainage compartment and a pump for further pumping out liquid.

Advantages of the TOPAS septic tank

• sewage treatment by 98%;
• simple and quick installation without the involvement of large equipment;
• environmental recycling of all household and household waste;
• absence of rotten smell on the site and in the house;
• the need for a minimum area of ​​territory;