With regard to the ability of banks to restore the operability of services in the event of IT infrastructure failures. Banks were given exactly three months to report on how they deal with such problems. In Russia, such steps have not yet been taken, but some banks and financial companies managed to take care of the stability of their own infrastructure in advance by switching to.
A little more about the state of affairs in Britain and not only
Let's go back to the story mentioned above. As it became known, British banks and other companies providing financial services were ordered to report on their ability to respond to problems in the work of IT, including failures resulting from cyber attacks. According to the regulator, each such company should work out a response plan, and the maximum time for system downtime cannot exceed two days. Although by the standards of business, this is a gigantic period of time. In any case, penalties will apply to the violator.
In general, the financial sector is a rather vulnerable area of activity, so the approach to ensuring the reliability of the infrastructure and the operability of services plays one of the most important roles here. But, as practice shows, not every company can ensure one hundred percent infrastructure performance. But even the slightest interruption in the work of IT providers of financial services can lead to serious disruptions in the lives of people and businesses. Take, for example, a technical failure that occurred in the interregional information processing center (ICPC) of the Bank of Russia. As a result of the problem, the bank's customers could not receive money for about an hour. Or remember the story of the Visa payment system in Europe, when there was a failure and the owners of plastic cards could not make payments. The occurrence of such incidents once again reminds us that a serious approach is needed here, since the infrastructure of such organizations must be built using high-end solutions and modern technologies. And if you can’t cope on your own, you can always turn to professionals in the face of reliable cloud providers.
Russia's first robo-advising platform hosted in the IaaS cloud
Realizing their responsibility to their clients, many Russian financial companies hastened to move to the cloud, since not a single local server room is able to guarantee the quality and reliability that data centers equipped with high-end equipment provide, because their infrastructure is built using modern technologies. Keeping up with the times, the Russian investment company FinEx Plus has placed the financial autopilot robo-advising platform in the provider's reliable cloud. Since the system has a wide functionality and a large number of software that runs in different software environments, using the cloud for this project turned out to be an ideal option. To date, the cloud guarantees high availability of the service and allows you to comply with the requirements of the Federal Law-152 "On Personal Data".
The entire production infrastructure of the platform works in the provider's cloud, where data is stored and processed. The company plans to continue to use the cloud, increasing the capacity of the cloud infrastructure.
RFI Bank uses PCI DSS Compliant Hosting in the provider's IaaS cloud
Today, banks are increasingly faced with the question of the need to use cloud technologies. And if some make it a priority to save on hardware and get rid of routine tasks, others want to get reliable solution capable of meeting modern standards. One of them is PCI DSS, certification for compliance with which is quite difficult process. But this issue can be solved with the help of the cloud, which must be PCI DSS compliant - fully comply with the requirements of the standard.
Such a service is provided today by cloud providers, and in various interpretations. And this means that you can order a virtual data center with an agreed set of related services or a fully PCI DSS compliant infrastructure and its maintenance, or, using PCI DSS Co-location, rent a rack in a secure circuit and place equipment in accordance with the requirements of the standard.
As you can see, there are many options. "RFI Bank" stopped on use, having transferred to a cloud those virtual services, for which reliability and PCI DSS support are critical.
Thus, the infrastructure placed in the cloud is completely controlled by the provider. This once again proves that a reliable supplier can be entrusted with the administration and management of business-critical infrastructure. As part of the service used, the provider guarantees the safe circulation of payment cards, assumes responsibility for meeting the mandatory requirements of the standard and ensures the protection of the cloud infrastructure.
With the help of cloud technologies, RFI Bank solves the problems associated with the provision of e-commerce products, which allows the bank's customers to use convenient and secure tools for online payment in online stores and through mobile applications. At the same time, it should be noted that the value of the cloud when using the service in question lies in the ability to save money, because while maintaining the required level of reliability and security, the company no longer spends resources on purchasing equipment, independent low-level infrastructure administration and performing the most time-consuming procedures to comply with the requirements of the PCI DSS standard . All this fits in the capabilities of the cloud.
Why does an investment agency need a cloud: the case of Invest 9000
Investment agency "Invest 9000" is another bright example of the use of the cloud in financial sector. Representing, on the one hand, the interests of companies to investors and creditors to finance investment and commercial projects, on the other hand, the interests of investors and creditors in the search for attractive projects for lending and investment, the company provides a full range of services throughout the entire cycle - from an idea to organizing the activities of a department sales.
But at a certain point, it was necessary to solve the problem of synchronizing and simplifying the workflow for the possibility of remote work of employees and agents who are out of the office. Initially, the company focused on the mass market services of Google and Yandex, but over time it became clear that they did not quite fit the format of the company's work. And the idea of creating your own cloud based on the existing capacities also did not find support, especially since this option was quite expensive. The most profitable option turned out to be the provider's corporate cloud, which is currently used in the format of renting disk space.
After selecting a suitable cloud service provider, the company migrated project documents to the cloud, which were at various stages of development at the time of the migration. At the same time, the descriptive part of the projects is stored on the provider's cloud platform, which makes it possible to conceptually fulfill the customer's conditions for maintaining trade secrets.
As noted in Invest 9000, the transition to the cloud model turned out to be simple and understandable. In addition, the cloud opens up flexible possibilities for working with documents, bringing a new level of interaction between authors and project team members.
Conclusion
Summing up, it should be noted that cloud technologies are experiencing a real boom today, and this will continue to happen for a very long time, since the opportunities that open up for customers have no limits.
Bataev A.V.
Over the past ten years, the topic of cloud computing has become widespread not only among IT professionals, but also in the business sector. In the Russian market, cloud services have begun to occupy one of the leading roles, they are being looked at not only by large players, but also by representatives of small and medium-sized businesses. To date, the Russian market of cloud technologies is billions of rubles. A growing number of Russian banks are not only discussing the prospects of these technologies, but are also actively implementing them into their business processes. Such major players in the banking business as OJSC Sberbank of Russia, OJSC Vneshniy Torgovy Bank, OJSC Alfa-Bank are actively investing in cloud technologies.
The development of cloud technologies in the Russian market has its own specifics, associated not only with problems in the legislation, but also with imperfect Internet access technologies, hardware and software, as well as financial limitations.
Cloud computing is a distributed data processing technology in which computer resources and capacities are provided to the user as an Internet service. A cloud service is a special client-server technology - the use of resources by the client (processor time, RAM, disk space, network channels, specialized controllers, software etc.) groups of servers on the network interacting as follows:
- for the client, the whole group looks like a single virtual server;
- the client can transparently and with high flexibility change the amount of resources consumed in case of changes in his needs (increase/decrease the capacity of the server with a corresponding change in payment for it).
The development of cloud technologies was preceded by a difficult and long path. For the first time, the ideas of virtualization of computing were developed in the 50s. of the last century while optimizing the work of large computers(mainframes). The main problem at that time was to ensure the maximum load of computers in order to reduce the downtime of computing power. It was then that the idea arose of providing temporary remote access to mainframes for users to be able to fully boot computers.
The development of personal computers led to a move away from expensive mainframes towards inexpensive servers, so cloud computing technologies did not receive further development.
The next major milestones in the history of the concept of cloud computing were John McCarthy's statement that "computing power may someday be a publicly available resource" and the release in 1966 of Douglas Parhill's book "The Challenge of the Computer Utility", in in which he described almost all the main characteristics of the clouds that exist today.
For the first time the idea of what we call cloud computing today was voiced by J.C.R. Licklider in 1970. In those years, he was responsible for the creation of the ARPAnet (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network). His idea was that every person on earth would be connected to a network from which he would receive not only data, but also programs. Another scientist, John McCarthy, expressed the idea that computing power will be provided to users as a service (service).
In the 90s. there is a rapid development of the global network - the Internet, which has an indirect impact on the development of cloud technologies. The throughput capacity of networks has significantly increased, the geography of coverage has expanded. Along with the development of computer networks, hardware technologies have improved, multi-core processors, significantly increased the amount of information storage. All this led to the development of the following computer technologies, which made it possible for the emergence of cloud services:
- virtualization is the process of remote access to computing power;
- ASP - technologies for creating web applications and web services;
- SOA is a service-oriented architecture that provides independent services with well-defined interfaces that can be called in some standard way to perform their tasks;
- Web 2.0 is a technique for designing systems that, by taking into account network interactions, become better the more people use them;
- development systems (development framework) - a software environment for the development of multi-agent systems and applications;
- distributed scalable computing is a way to solve labor-intensive computational problems using several computers, most often combined into a parallel computing system;
- grid-computing - a form of distributed computing, in which a "virtual supercomputer" is presented in the form of clusters of loosely connected heterogeneous computers connected via a network, working together to perform a huge number of tasks (operations, works);
- utility computing - “utility computing”, when a service is ordered for the execution of particularly complex calculations or storage of data arrays;
- open source software - the source code of such programs is available for viewing, study and modification, which allows the user to take part in finalizing the most open source program, use the code to create new programs and fix errors in them.
Further development of cloud computing technologies occurred in the mid-2000s. In 2006, Amazon launched a service called the Elastic Compute cloud (EC2) as a web service that allowed its users to run their own applications, and a year later, such giants of the IT industry as Google, Sun and IBM offered their cloud services. .
In 2008, Microsoft offered not just a service, but a full-fledged cloud operating system Windows Azure, which today is one of the largest and most comprehensive projects in the field of cloud services.
In 2010, cloud services appeared that were focused not just on software developers, but on ordinary users.
To date, there are three stages in the development of cloud technologies proposed by Gartner (see table):
Stages of development of cloud technologies
At the first stage, cloud computing developed at the expense of companies in which cloud technologies were attracted by the ability to quickly enter the market and radically increase development efficiency. At this stage, cloud computing was most effective in IT projects that provide a return on investment in the future 18-24 months.
The main feature of the second stage is market consolidation. The number of cloud offerings has surpassed the needs of the market, the competition for users among various cloud vendors has reached its peak, which has led to a series of mergers and acquisitions. At the same time, the maturity of cloud offerings has increased, and conservative users have begun to seriously consider the possibility of using cloud computing. The duration of cloud projects has increased, and companies have launched projects that provide a return on investment in the future from 3 to 5 years.
According to forecasts, the third stage will see the accumulation of a critical mass and the massive spread of cloud computing. The market will be dominated by a relatively small number of key vendors who will be able to offer their technologies to the market as de facto standards. There will also be increased awareness of the risks associated with reliance on specific vendor cloud technologies, leading to a surge in the popularity of one of the open source cloud platforms.
The main parameters describing cloud technologies have the following characteristics:
- Pooled Resources (resources). Clouds are often presented as a large virtualized infrastructure, but it is worth noting that clouds use virtualization with added functionality. Cloud technologies combine resources into a single whole and allow automatic services operating in real mode to dynamically deploy and scale user and service resources;
- Self Service (self-service). Once the user has used the allocated resources, they should be able to manage them through self-service mechanisms, for example, in order to convert them into more beneficial configurations. In cloud technologies, resources are actually managed by the user, who has every opportunity to build them to fit his needs;
- Elastic (elasticity of cloud technologies). It consists in the possibility of dynamic scaling at the request of the user in a very short period of time;
- Usage Based (payment model upon use). This is a set of provisions that determine that the user pays for cloud services only when he uses the provided capacities. This allows you to reconfigure resources, for example, to pay for support and maintenance of idle equipment, as well as to solve the problems that the corporation faces, and thus ensure their efficient use.
The economic benefit is obvious: the pooling of resources into a single entity that allows you to provide the necessary configuration with the possibility of optimal payment and build the infrastructure with which the organization can solve its economic problems.
Today, there are three main methods of providing cloud services:
- Infrastructure as a Service (infrastructure as a service, Iaas). The user is provided with an "empty" virtual server with a unique IP address or a set of Internet addresses and part of the information storage system. To control the characteristics, start, stop the server, the provider provides the user with a program interface (API);
- Software as a Service (software as a service). The SaaS concept provides the ability to use a software application as a service remotely over the Internet. This service allows you not to purchase expensive software, but simply temporarily use it to solve a problem;
- Platform as a Service (platform as a service, PaaS). In this service, the user is provided with a virtual platform, consisting of one or more virtual servers with pre-installed operating systems and specialized applications. As a result, the user can choose from the provided cloud services the one that is necessary to solve the set business task.
Within the main areas, the following cloud services are distinguished:
- Hardware as a Service (hardware as a service, HaaS). In this case, the user is provided with equipment that he can use for his own purposes. The advantage here is to save money on the maintenance of this equipment and no need to purchase it. This option, in fact, is a kind of IaaS service, but differs in that the user, based on the provided equipment, can deploy his own infrastructure with the necessary software product;
- Workplace as a Service (workplace as a service, WaaS). In this service, the customer uses a cloud environment to create employee jobs by setting up and installing all the necessary software for staff work;
- Data as a Service (data as a service, DaaS). Provides for the possibility of providing the user with disk space on which he can store large amounts of information;
- Security as a Service (security as a service). Allows the customer to quickly install systems that ensure the secure use of web technologies and reliable protection of the local network. This service allows you to save on deploying your own security system.
The line between the methods of providing cloud services is quite thin and very often the service represents the synthesis of several services at the same time, so recently there has been a tendency to combine all services into one - Everything as a Service (everything as a service, EaaS). In this case, the user is provided with everything - from software and hardware to business process management, including interaction between users, the so-called turnkey service, when the user only needs access to the Internet.
There are three types of clouds according to their type:
- A private cloud is a secure IT infrastructure controlled and operated by a single organization. The company can manage the cloud itself or entrust it to an external organization. At the same time, the infrastructure can be located both on the territory of the company itself, and at the vendor, or mixed, that is, partially at the organization and at the external company. The best way when a private cloud is deployed on the territory of the organization and is fully managed by its employees;
- A public cloud is an information infrastructure that is simultaneously used by many companies. Users of public clouds only get access to the necessary services, but do not have the ability to manage, while they do not need to maintain the infrastructure. Any company or individual can become a user of these clouds. Public cloud owners offer an easy and affordable way to deploy the required business systems with great scalability;
- a hybrid cloud is an infrastructure that uses the best qualities of a public and private cloud to solve a given problem. Most often, this approach is used in companies that have their own private cloud infrastructure, but in case of an increase in its workload, for example, large amounts of information, some of the tasks are shifted to the public cloud.
Using cloud services has a number of advantages over using conventional infrastructure:
- the user pays only for the volume of services that he needs, and at the same time when there is such a need;
- cloud technologies make it possible to save money on the acquisition, support, and upgrade of software and hardware;
- scalability - the ability to significantly expand the number of used servers, applications, jobs;
- fault tolerance - ensuring reliable operation of the system, which can be duplicated when using cloud services;
- remote access - provides access from virtually anywhere in the world where the Internet is available.
Along with the advantages, there are a number of disadvantages associated with cloud services:
- the user is not the owner (unless the cloud is completely private) and does not have access to the cloud infrastructure, respectively, the safety of the data used depends entirely on the campaign providing these services;
- to receive high-quality services, high-speed Internet is required;
- lack of generally accepted standards in the field of security of cloud services.
Despite the shortcomings of cloud services, the prospects for their implementation in Russia are enormous. According to research conducted by Orange Business Services analysts, the income of the Russian market of cloud services for business is from 4.5 billion rubles. in 2012 may increase to 19 billion rubles. in 2016. In parallel with this, the market for cloud infrastructure services can bring in more than 20 billion rubles. income. It is assumed that the market for services based on the construction of cloud infrastructure, also actively developing, by 2016 will exceed the volume of the market for cloud services themselves. This will be possible thanks to the rapid growth in the volume of services for the construction of "clouds", their merging and customization, as well as moving from familiar infrastructure to the cloud. In total, by 2016, the share of cloud services should reach 13% of the entire Russian IT services market (Fig. 1) .
For Russian customers, IaaS infrastructure solutions are the most preferable. This type of service is the most in demand, and the annual growth of such services is about 40% (Fig. 2) . This is due to the desire of customers to independently administer their systems, which, in turn, is due to the peculiarity of the Russian market, a large number of programs of their own development, as well as the general distrust of customers in the cloud technology market. Today, the IaaS market is represented by eleven major players: ActiveCloud, Clodo, Cloud One, CROC, Parking.ru (Inoventica Group), Selectel, I-Teco, Oversun, Skalaksi, Cloud4Y, Dataline (Fig. 3) . At the beginning of 2013, IaaS penetration in Moscow and St. Petersburg was about 4%, in other regions - no more than 1%.
The second most important service in the field of cloud technologies is SaaS software, which, according to analysts' forecasts, shows an annual increase of 50%, and will only increase in the future (Fig. 2) . There are five major players on the Russian SaaS services market, which occupy more than 90% of the entire market (Fig. 4) .
The next stage in the development of the cloud market is the use of the PaaS service, which is not very popular on the Russian market, however, the first offers from foreign suppliers began to appear. By different estimates, the volume of the PaaS and BPaaS markets (business processes as a service) in 2012 was about 100 million rubles. each, by 2017 they will amount to 700 million rubles. (Fig. 2) .
In the Russian cloud technology market, preference is given to private clouds, because they provide a higher level of security, make it easier to integrate non-standard solutions and achieve better manageability compared to public clouds. In recent years, there has been a trend in the design of hybrid clouds, which is due to the presence of many companies in a well-developed IT infrastructure and data centers, so the most suitable path for them is the creation of a hybrid cloud (Fig. 5) .
For the global financial market, cloud technologies are becoming more and more familiar. Thus, according to Information Week research, a large number of banks in the world are actively using cloud solutions for business (Fig. 6) .
Russian banks can only envy such a spread of cloud technologies. In Russia, there are a number of both objective and subjective reasons that limit the spread of cloud technologies in the banking sector.
First, restrictions are placed on banks, such as the requirements of state regulators in the field of working with personal data and state secrets, as well as the conditions of external regulators, such as international payment systems. All this greatly complicates the transition to the cloud, especially when it comes to hybrid and public clouds.
Secondly, the development of public cloud technologies is constrained by the need for data retention requirements. Data security in public services cannot always be ensured at the proper level.
Thirdly, the deployment of cloud services is affected by a negative attitude associated with the impossibility of self-administration in the clouds.
Fourth, the transition to cloud computing requires significant costs for the restructuring of its information infrastructure.
According to a study conducted by Symantec among Russian banks, almost three-quarters of respondents are discussing the possibility of moving to the cloud, but most of them have so far refrained from taking practical steps. And the expectations of those who decided to use cloud services for the sake of a sharp increase in the flexibility of the IT infrastructure did not materialize for 43% of respondents. In addition, 48% of respondents vainly hoped for an increase in the efficiency of their IT systems, 46% for lower operating costs and 35% for improved security.
Such results indicate, rather, that the problem is not in the cloud technologies themselves, but in the imbalance between the expectations of banking structures and the real possibilities of these technologies.
Meanwhile, today there are serious changes in the use of financial products due to the development of consumer preferences. In all banks, without exception, there was a need for remote access to self-service systems with a guarantee of high speed and convenience for customers. And the emergence of new financial intermediaries in the market of traditional banking services leads to increased competition and the need for banks to find new channels for providing their services to customers.
Therefore, despite the open questions in the field of security, banks are among the most active consumers of cloud solutions.
Despite the modesty of banks in highlighting their success in conquering the clouds, one can still single out several projects in recent years where cloud technologies have contributed to achieving clear results in terms of efficiency.
One of the most interesting projects is a “pilot” related to the deployment of a private cloud in the Central Bank of Russia (the contractor is Jet Infosystems). A full-fledged IaaS platform with a self-service portal was created and tools were used to minimize the main information banking risks in the cloud environment. As a result of the project, the speed of processing user requests has significantly increased, and the load on system administration has significantly decreased.
Global financial business structures today, thanks to the clouds, can provide services to their divisions around the world. For example, the data processing center (DPC) of Citibank OJSC in Frankfurt is certified according to the highest class and can provide services not only to the bank's western branches, but also to its Russian subsidiaries.
OJSC Sberbank of Russia today also pays great attention to the centralization of back-office systems of territorial banks and introduces the next generation of three-level systems. In the future, the financial institution plans to transfer them to the cloud model, and since 2013 the bank has been operating on a single centralized platform.
Cloud projects are currently being handled by OJSC Gazprombank and OJSC Ak Bars Bank (the contractor is ICL-KPO). Positively considers the prospects for building a private "cloud" and Raiffeisenbank. The problem that he plans to solve in this way is the efficient provision of computing power for solving specific problems.
JSC "Bank Intesa" is only mastering the basic methods of working with the IaaS cloud and trying to use it as a backup data center. The partner is the Croc company. If the cloud technology really makes it possible to significantly save resources and at the same time ensure the security of information, the clouds will be considered by the bank as one of the main directions for the development of the IT infrastructure.
Last year, a project even appeared in Russia to transfer the automated banking system (ABS) to the clouds. The project is carried out in the bank JSCB "Moscow Financial Club" "CFT Group of Companies". Initially, the bank switched to using the main banking applications using cloud technologies. Further, the CFT Group of Companies provided the bank JSCB Moscow Financial Club as a service with an external IT infrastructure for ABS, which includes not only virtual computing power, but also elements of the security infrastructure, access control, authentication, means of ensuring fail-safe and disaster-proof -sti. It is expected that the project will allow the bank to reduce the cost of equipment and its maintenance.
In conclusion, the main trends in the implementation of cloud services in the banking system should be noted:
- banks are cautious about the use of cloud technologies, first of all, this is due to information security;
- the introduction of cloud-technologies takes place in large financial institutions, since the transition requires quite large investments in reconfiguring the bank's IT infrastructure;
- preference will be given to private clouds that can provide the necessary level of information security and independence of system configuration, at the same time it is worth noting that the development of hybrid clouds has its own prospects associated with the possibility of transferring secondary operations to public clouds;
- in the coming years, Russian banks will develop IaaS models as cloud technologies that provide the necessary infrastructure for the bank. As for SaaS and PaaS models, their development prospects in financial institutions seem unlikely due to the specifics of banking software;
- as an application of cloud technologies in Russian banks, it should be noted the use of cloud-computing in the field of data storage, data processing centers, virtualization of workplaces.
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Some time ago, or rather in 2010, to the question of a respected information portal:, I answered that in the next two years, "cloud computing" will not become a mass technology in banks. And so, two years have passed, it's time to take stock. How are things going with cloud computing in the financial sector, and what are the prospects?
Periodically, there are reports in the press that this or that company, and sometimes government agencies, have begun to use cloud solutions, and some of them have even completely switched to cloud architecture. On closer examination, you can see that cloud solutions have affected only the simplest services: mail, work with documents, WEB portals, and more serious solutions were not transferred to the clouds. Why? I think there are several reasons. First, the issues of information security have not been fully resolved. True, this should not hinder the development of private cloud solutions so much. Secondly, if we are talking about public clouds, then the economic feasibility is in question. For a million organizations, the universal public services offered on the market are suitable for a very limited circle of companies. In this case, we can talk about several hundred banks, each of which has its own specifics and its own requirements. In this case, each implemented cloud solution must be unique. Or is it not necessary? Your opinion?
If we analyze the situation more closely, then the challenges pushing the IT departments of banks to turn their attention to private cloud technologies are quite standard. We will proceed from the fact that it is advisable to use a cloud platform in cases where there are several uncertain factors, for example: a forecast of growth in the number of users, an increase in the amount of data, a geographically distributed location of users, an unpredictable increase in the number of transactions or other actions performed. Based on this, the following picture emerges: a multi-branch, geographically distributed, rapidly growing bank. Oddly enough, but rather solid, financially stable institutions can also be attributed to fast-growing banks. Their dynamic development also depends on the decisions taken to merge or acquire smaller financial institutions.
Due to the specifics of doing business, public solutions for financial institutions are still of little interest. So what cloud technologies can be relevant for the financial sector in the present and the near future? I see the following directions:
1. Formation of a private cloud infrastructure, including cloud storage. Hardware solutions for building cloud infrastructure are offered by many global hardware manufacturers: EMC, IBM, HP, HDS, VCE, NetApp and others. Understanding the tasks of large companies, including those from the financial sector, Technoserv has developed its own cloud platform "VSPEX TS". Its difference from the offers of well-known vendors lies in a significantly lower cost, including the cost of ownership.
2. Desktop virtualization. This solution will ensure the mobility of the company's employees, simplify territorial expansion, and reduce the cost of preparing and administering workplaces. There are many different competitive offers on the market. Among them there are both well-known and well-established solutions from VMware, Oracle, VCE, as well as solutions from new ambitious players, for example, the TransOS operating system. The advantage of this "cloud" OS is that it can be adapted for both personal computers and tablets and smartphones. In addition, the issue of protection against malware has been seriously worked out in TransOS.
3. Another major trend is database migration solutions. For example, the Oracle Optimized Solution for Enterprise Cloud Infrastructure helps you accelerate the deployment and management of private clouds. Given that solutions from Oracle are widely used in the financial sector, this step will simplify the migration to the cloud infrastructure of such heavy business solutions as CRM or SAP, and in the future DWH and other specialized systems. The representation of Oracle announced holding in Moscow on October 31, 2012 "Oracle Day Business Innovation Forum". It will be possible to discuss the latest developments in Oracle Cloud, "cloud" 12c versions of Oracle products, social and mobile technologies for enterprise applications, and much more.
So, I propose to discuss: which cloud areas do you consider the most promising in the financial sector for the next two years.
CLOUD TECHNOLOGIES IN BANKING
Aslanov Shamil Suleimanovich
student of the department PIIMMU FIiIT FBGOU VPO DSU, RF, Makhachkala
E- mail: dr. aslanoff@ gmail. com
Shavshina Svetlana Anatolievna
scientific supervisor, Ph.D. economy Sciences, Associate Professor, Dept. PIIMMU FIiITFBGOU VPO DSU, RF, Makhachkala
For several years, there have been active discussions about the use of cloud technologies in the banking sector. Cloud technologies are becoming more and more popular among representatives of large and medium-sized banks. Market participants suggest different conjectures regarding the prospects of this technology. There are both rave reviews and forecasts of dynamic growth, as well as frankly negative assessments.
The use of cloud computing solutions continues to grow in the financial services industry.
According to Gartner Group experts, in the period 2015-2017, most IT applications will move to the "clouds". The share of cloud services in 2016 in the Russian market of IT services should be 13%. And according to the forecasts of the analytical company IDC, the average annual growth of the Russian market of cloud services in 2015-2017 will exceed 40%.
According to the results of research by Orange Business Services analysts, the income of the Russian cloud services market may increase from 4.5 billion rubles. up to 19 billion rubles (2012-2016) (Fig. 1).
At the same time, by 2016 the share of cloud infrastructure should reach 13% of the entire Russian IT services market. At the same time, the cloud infrastructure services market can still bring in revenue of 20 billion rubles. This will become possible as a result of the rapid growth of cloud infrastructure services.
Figure 1. The volume of the Russian market of cloud services, billion rubles
Today, there are three main methods of providing cloud services:
1. Infrastructure as a Service (infrastructure as a service, Iaas). The service provides an "empty" virtual server with a unique IP address or a set of Internet addresses and part of the information storage system.
2. Software as a Service (software as a service). The SaaS concept provides the ability to use a software application as a service remotely over the Internet.
3. Platform as a Service (platform as a service, PaaS). In this service, the user is provided with a virtual platform, consisting of one or more virtual servers with pre-installed operating systems and specialized applications.
As can be seen from Figure 2, the most demanded in our country is the type of IaaS services, the annual growth of which is about 40%
Figure 2. The volume of the Russian market of cloud technologies by types of services, billion rubles
Such demand is due to the fact that most customers want to independently administer their own systems, which is a characteristic feature of the Russian market. Eleven companies currently represent the IaaS market: ActiveCloud, Clodo, Cloud One, CROC, Parking.ru (Inoventica Group), Selectel, I-Teco, Oversun, Skalaksi, Cloud4Y, Dataline.
Figure 3 shows the largest IaaS providers in Russia.
Figure 3. Major IaaS providers in Russia
At the beginning of 2013, the implementation of IaaS cloud technologies in Moscow and St. Petersburg amounted to about 4%, in other regions - no more than 1%.
The next most important service in the field of cloud technologies is SaaS software, which, according to analysts' forecasts, represents an annual increase of 50%, and in the future will only grow in volume (Fig. 2). More than 90% of the entire Russian SaaS market is covered by five large companies. On fig. 4. the largest providers of SaaS-services of the Russian market are presented.
Figure 4. Major providers in the Russian SaaS market
PaaS is the latest cloud service. This service is less in demand in the Russian market compared to IaaS and SaaS. According to various analyses, the volume of each of the PaaS and BPaaS markets in 2012 was approximately 100 million rubles. By 2017, the PaaS market volume will increase to 700 million rubles. (Fig. 2).
According to Information Week analysts, a large number of banks in the world are actively using cloud services in their business. On fig. 5 shows the distribution of cloud services in the world by type of use in the financial sector.
Figure 5. Distribution of cloud services in the world by types of use in financial institutions
The share of cloud services in the Russian IT services market is not so large. High requirements for information security limit banking professionals in the use of cloud technologies.
According to the results of a study by Symantec analysts, out of the total number of domestic banks, almost 75% of respondents consider the admissibility of using cloud technologies. However, most of the respondents still evade practical application cloud technologies. According to the results of the survey, the expectations of 43% of respondents who decided to use cloud services for the sake of a sharp increase in the flexibility of the IT infrastructure did not come true. Also, the hopes for improving the efficiency of IT systems in 48% of respondents did not materialize. Expectations to reduce operating costs and improve security did not come true in 46% and 35% of respondents, respectively.
Based on the results of the study, we can conclude that the problem of using cloud technologies lies in the imbalance between the expectations of banking structures and the real possibilities of these technologies.
In conclusion, based on the results of the analysis, we can assume that in the coming years Russian banks will develop IaaS models as cloud technologies that provide the necessary infrastructure for the bank. Prospects for the development of SaaS and PaaS models in financial institutions seem unlikely due to the specifics of banking software. It is also worth noting that preference will be given to private clouds, as they are able to provide the necessary level of information security, by placing and storing all information in the internal network of the organization, and in the self-management of the server by the staff of this bank. In turn, the use and development of hybrid clouds has its own prospects, which are associated with the possibility of transferring secondary operations to public clouds.
Bibliography:
1.Bataev A.V. Trends and prospects for the development of the information technology market in the banking sector of Russia // Young scientist. - 2013. - No. 10. - S. 268-271.
2. Grebnev E. Cloud services. View from Russia. M.: CNews, 2011. - 282 p.
3.IT in banks and insurance companies 2012. Cnews-analytics. [Electronic resource] - Access mode. - URL: http://www.cnews.ru/reviews/free/banks2012/articles/articles17.shtml (accessed 03/21/2015).
4. Kondratiev A.A., Tishchenko I.P., Fralenko V.P. Development of a distributed system for the protection of cloud computing // Program systems: Theory and applications. - 2011. - No. 4(8). - C. 61-70.
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because it increases the information load, leading to the delegation of responsibility. The information infrastructure, created both within the framework of individual enterprises and groups of enterprises on the basis of modern IMS, turns information from an auxiliary factor into an independent productive force that can quickly reduce production costs and increase labor productivity.
Bibliography
1. Gaponova S. N. Improving the economic activity of an enterprise based on information management [Text] / S. N. Gaponova, E. Yu. Davydova, E. L. Smolyanova. - Voronezh: Voronezh State Technological Academy, 2008. - 120 p.
2. Gaponova S. N. Improving the efficiency of management activities based on the development and implementation of the enterprise information system [Text] / S. N. Gaponova, E. Yu. Davydova. - Voronezh: Voronezh State Technological Academy, 2008. - 114 p.
3. Modern model of enterprise information flow management [Electronic resource]. - Access mode: http://www.smartcat.ru/ Management/ zscoreALshtml.
Ivanov V.N., Ivanov A.V.
CLOUD TECHNOLOGIES IN FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT
Voronezh Institute of Economics and Law
Keywords Key words: cloud technologies, Internet technologies, financial management.
Keywords: cloud computing, Internet technology, financial
Annotation. One of the main problems higher education is the lack of quality systems for the management of the university. Existing software products poorly take into account the industry specifics of the education market. The solution to the problem of automation of university management is to create a single information space. At the same time, the leading integration platform
information flows inside and outside the organization in recent decades has been and remains the ERP platform. Control systems educational institution based on ERP have many
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advantages and fully take into account the features educational process and management of the financial and economic activities of the university.
One of the main problems of higher education is a lack of quality systems for the management of the University. Existing software products weakly take into account industry specifics of the market of education. The decision of problems of automation of management of the University is to create a single information space. At that, the leading platform of integration of information flows within and beyond the organization in recent decades has been and remains the ERP platform. The system of control of the educational institution on the basis of ERP have many advantages and fully take into account the special features of educational process and management of financial and economic activities of the University.
Today, there is a rapid growth of users of computer networks, both global networks - the Internet, and local ones. The information model of any enterprise should provide for the possibility of expansion, or the so-called "scaling", since it would be extremely inappropriate at each stage of business growth to revise the models of information, and, as a result, technical support. From the foregoing, we can conclude that, given the current trends in the IT industry and in the economy, each information system should be based on a model that can continue to work within the framework of the corporation. This means that there is a need to create such a corporate system that could be accessible to small businesses and small enterprises, but at the same time could, as needed, scale up to the more global size of a large corporation, in other words, have the potential.
Paying attention to modern business, the following trends can be distinguished, in fact, any enterprise aimed at making a profit sooner or later becomes a member of the investment market segment, and as it transforms into a corporation, the complexity of management increases investment portfolios and corporate finance in general. The transition to the investment segment is especially acute for those enterprises that at an early stage of their development did not pay attention to financial management at all, which did not include the necessary algorithms and methods in the enterprise management system. It is obvious that if the management of a small enterprise paid due attention
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the issue of financial management, then such an enterprise will painlessly experience both the process of growth and the process of transition to new markets of the economy. Moreover, the analysis of the state of finances can improve the quality of strategic management decisions. Consequently, more and more business representatives, at an early stage, should be involved in the financial management process, and the issue of creating financial management tools that would be available both for small forms of enterprises and could be scaled up to the level of corporations becomes more and more urgent. Obviously, today the task of financial management should be solved using automation tools, since not a single person is involved in the process of working on any project. Moreover, as we have already predetermined, a corporation structure must be incorporated into a small enterprise, which means that the information services market needs a universal product that could be used at the beginning of the formation of any enterprise, and in the process of enterprise growth.
Monitoring the movement of financial flows is becoming increasingly difficult, it is necessary to constantly take into account many factors. At the same time, the management process itself is increasingly a task of multi-criteria optimization, and the set of criteria can change many times over the life of a short-term investment or credit strategy. Moreover, within the framework of financial management, it is often necessary to manage, including a large number of people - responsible persons, delegate some of the powers to them, and provide them with information to visualize the current state of affairs. It should be noted that some participants in financial management may be at different points in time geographically removed from the main team involved in financial management at the enterprise.
It should also be noted that in order to increase profits, a company must constantly strive to increase and complicate investment and credit projects, which means that the proposed methodology for corporate financial management must meet the requirement for scalability and must be suitable both for managing a small financial portfolio and for managing the financial flow of a large corporation. At least, such scalability should be taken into account and implemented at the hardware level.
The task of financial management is further complicated by the fact that in the modern interpretation, it must be based on facts, wear
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proactive nature and continuously predict the way in which the development of the financial management strategy will go. As a consequence, financial management tools must show and explain how to provide proactive reporting and control of scope, schedule, cost and quality, how to proactively control execution processes in terms of risk response and team building, and finally, how to implement the proper solution of strategic objectives.
All this is accompanied by the fact that the requirements for transparency and realism of data on financial flows are becoming increasingly stringent, since information about the current state of affairs is used not only to assess the current state of the enterprise, but also to predict its future state, and is also used in the development of other financial strategies.
The described financial management conditions are associated with a large amount of calculations, with a large amount of storage and display of information, and are limited in execution in time. The faster the tasks of calculating and providing access to data are completed, the more reliable the information about the movements of the financial flow will be, the more it will be possible to use new methods of financial management, with sophisticated analytical algorithms. Cloud computing provides the most complete information requirements for financial management systems today.
On the one hand, cloud computing is a dynamically scalable way to access external computing resources as a service provided via the Internet, while the user does not need any special knowledge about the infrastructure of the "cloud" or skills in managing this "cloud" technology.
On the other hand, cloud services are software and hardware available to the user via the Internet or a local network as a service that allows using a convenient interface for remote access to dedicated resources (computing resources, programs and data). The user's computer acts as an ordinary terminal connected to the Network. Computers that perform cloud computing are called "cloud computing". In this case, the load between computers included in the "computing cloud" is distributed automatically.
Cloud services are a fundamentally new business model for providing and receiving information services. This model promises to reduce operating and capital costs. It allows
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IT departments to focus on strategic projects rather than the routine tasks of managing their own data center.
Cloud computing is not only a technological innovation in IT, but also a way to create new business models, when small manufacturers of IT products, including those in the regions, have the opportunity to quickly offer their services to the market and a low-cost way to implement their business. ideas. Support for cloud computing, combined with investments in young companies, creates a rapidly developing ecosystem of innovative industries.
Cloud computing is a market response to the systematic specialization and increasing role of outsourcing in IT. Essentially, moving to cloud computing means outsourcing traditional IT infrastructure management processes to professional external providers. Most modern cloud computing solution providers provide the opportunity not only to use existing cloud platforms, but also to create their own, meeting the technological and legal requirements of customers.
Currently, the concept of cloud computing involves the provision of the following types of services to its users:
Everything as a service (Everything as a Service, EaaS). With this type of service, the user is provided with all software and hardware, as well as business process management, including interaction between users. The user only needs to provide himself with access to the global Internet.
This type of service is more extended than the services described below, which can be thought of as special cases of EaaS; infrastructure as a service (Infrastructure as a service, IaaS). As part of this service, the user is provided with a computer infrastructure, conventional virtual platforms connected to some abstract network. The user configures the dedicated platforms and the network on his own for his own needs (and therefore, the user must partially solve the tasks of administering such a virtual network).
The following features of the IaaS service can be distinguished.
Virtualization technologies that allow you to take hardware and divide its computing power into parts that meet the current needs of the business, thereby increasing the performance of existing capacities. As a result
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you'll move from acquiring, managing, and depreciating hardware assets to purchasing the processor time, disk space, and network bandwidth needed to run your application.
Integrated control systems that allow you to implement the entire set of control functions in one integrated platform.
Ability to use the best architectures and frameworks.
Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) eliminates the need for enterprises to maintain complex data center, client and network infrastructures, and reduces the associated capital and operating costs. Additional savings are possible if services are provided within a shared infrastructure.
Platform as a service (PaaS). In this case, the user is provided with a computer platform with an operating system installed, it is also possible that the underlying software will be installed on this platform. Specialized required software must be placed by the user;
The salient features of the service are as follows.
Pay-as-you-go pricing model. You pay when you need the service and exactly for what you use. This flexible pricing scheme allows you to reduce costs by several times.
No costs for purchasing, maintaining and upgrading software and hardware.
To deploy web applications, you no longer need to purchase hardware and software, there is no need to organize support - you can rent all this.
Multi-tenant architecture (scalability, fault tolerance, virtualization and security).
Scalability - automatic allocation and release of necessary resources depending on the number of users served by the application, reliability and security are already built into PaaS and do not require additional costs, for example, in the form of development or configuration. Applications deployed on PaaS must automatically and securely support web-scale use, secure the exchange of sensitive information, and perform monetary transactions.
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Developers should be able to freely create applications that support the security of customer data, network traffic, source code (intellectual property), even in the event of failure of the hardware on which the platform is deployed.
An integrated platform for developing, testing, deploying and maintaining web applications.
Today, most applications are developed in one environment, tested in another, and deployed in a third. Now the entire list of operations for developing, testing and deploying web applications can be performed in one integrated environment, thereby eliminating the cost of maintaining separate environments for individual stages.
Integration of web services and databases, use of common web standards, the ability to integrate services located in private networks.
Ability to connect to internal and external web services, including those with "live" data, combining multiple data sources together without writing additional code, support for SOAP and REST interfaces.
Development team collaboration. The ability to create source code and share it within the development team greatly improves the productivity of building PaaS-based applications. Ability to define, modify and track execution schedules, tasks, areas of responsibility, roles (designers, developers, testers, QC) based on access rights.
The service is available via the Internet.
PaaS is available wherever there is access to the Internet.
Software as a service (Software as a service, Saas). Nfrjq type of service is often called "software on demand". With this type of service, specialized software required by the user is deployed on remote servers, and the user gets access to it via the global Internet, while all issues of updating and licenses for this software the provision is governed by the provider of that service. It should be noted that payment in this case is made for the actual use of the software;
In the SaaS model:
The application is adapted for remote use;
Several clients use one application (the application is communal);
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Payment is made either in the form of a monthly subscription fee or based on the volume of transactions;
Technical support of the application is included in the payment;
Upgrading and updating the application is seamless and transparent to customers.
As part of the SaaS model, customers pay not for owning the software as such, but for renting it (that is, for using it through a web interface). Thus, in contrast to the classic software licensing scheme, the customer incurs relatively small recurring costs, and he does not need to invest heavily in acquiring software and a hardware platform for its deployment, and then maintaining its performance. The recurring payment scheme assumes that if the need for the software is temporarily not available, then the customer can suspend its use and freeze payments to the developer.
From the point of view of the developer of proprietary software, the SaaS model allows you to effectively deal with unlicensed use of software, since the software itself does not reach end customers. In addition, the SaaS concept often makes it possible to reduce the cost of deploying and implementing technical and consulting support systems for a product, although it does not completely exclude them.
Hardware as a Service (Hardware as a Service, HaaS). In this case, the service user is provided with hardware, on a rental basis, and the user can use this hardware for his own purposes. This type of service differs little from the type of service "Infrastructure as a service" except that when using "hardware as a service" the user receives only hardware resources, and not a ready-made infrastructure with pre-installed software. on the basis of which you deploy your own infrastructure using the most suitable software.
Workplace as a service (Workplace as a Service); In this case, the company uses cloud computing to organize the workplaces of its employees by setting up and installing all the necessary software necessary for the work of the staff.
Data as a Service (Data as a Service); The main idea of this type of service is that the user is provided with disk space, which he
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can be used to store large amounts of information. - Security as a Service. This type of service allows users to quickly deploy products that ensure the secure use of web technologies, the security of electronic correspondence, as well as the security of the local system, which allows users of this service to save on deploying and maintaining their own security system.
This article shows only the ways of possible use of cloud technologies in financial management. However, it should be noted that the use of cloud technologies in financial management is already quite significant, and in the future we will show specific examples of the use of cloud technologies in financial management.
Bibliography
1. Grebneva E. Cloud services. View from Russia. M.: CNew, 2011. - 282 p.
2. Novikova G. M. Corporate information systems: Proc. allowance. - M.: RUDN, 2008. - 94 p.
3. Selezneva N.N., Ionova A.F. Financial analysis Financial management. M.: - UNITI, 2006. - 639s.
4. Fedorov A. N. and Martynov D. V. Windows Azure: Microsoft Cloud Platform, M.: -2010. -100 s.
5. http://www.financialmanager.ru/
Karpova E.V.
THE SIGNIFICANCE OF SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL DEVELOPMENT OF ORGANIZATIONS IN MODERN CONDITIONS
Russian Economic University. G.V. Plekhanov
Key words: scientific and technological progress, innovations,
globalization.
Resume: The article substantiates the necessity of introducing innovations as a factor of sustainable development in the context of economic globalization.
Keywords: scientific and technological progress, innovation,
