Sea buckthorn root system. Sea buckthorn: planting and care in the open field. The best varieties for growing in Siberia, Moscow region, central Russia. Propagation of sea buckthorn cuttings

Sea buckthorn is a multi-stemmed deciduous shrub, usually 1-3 m high. Sea buckthorn is a medicinal plant. Growing it in your garden is not difficult at all. If you create the right conditions, she will delight you with healthy and tasty fruits.

Many fail to grow sea buckthorn, as the tree begins to die suddenly. To prevent this from happening, it is important to know that the roots of sea buckthorn are in the upper layer of soil and go far away from the tree, so digging up the ground can easily injure them.

Soil Requirements

For planting sea buckthorn, you need to prepare the soil well. Fertilize the earth with humus, it is better to use decomposed peat. You can not plant sea buckthorn in marshy soil. Also, the plant does not like heavy soil and high-carbonate soils.

Selecting a landing site

Sea buckthorn is a very light-loving and moisture-loving plant, so the planting site should be sunny. In the shade, it will grow and bear fruit worse.

The tree should be planted on the edge of the site, away from the garden. So that during the loosening of the beds not to damage the root system of sea buckthorn. A damaged root will lead to the growth of wild shoots. You can loosen the top layer of soil, no more than 10 cm deep. Together with loosening, humus and mineral fertilizers are introduced.

How to choose sea buckthorn seedlings

It is better to choose and plant sea buckthorn seedlings in early spring. Then over the summer the tree will take root well and overwinter normally. Seedlings of two years are suitable for planting.

Selection of seedlings

1. It is important to make sure that the seedlings are healthy and match the plant variety. two year old seedling has a height of about 50 cm and a diameter of 5–7 cm, it also has 5–8 skeletal roots, 25 cm long.
2. Bark adheres tightly to the wood, has a healthy appearance, is not wrinkled, not scratched.

In order to avoid diseases of trees, you should not plant raspberries, strawberries, and also where stone fruit trees grew: apple trees, pears, cherries, apricots.

It is better to have 2-3 female trees on the site and one male tree for pollination.

Landing

Sea buckthorn is planted in a pit with a diameter of 70 cm, the soil is fertilized with mineral and complex fertilizers, a mound is made from the earth at the bottom of the pit and the root system of the seedling is distributed over it, the root neck after shrinkage of the soil should be located at ground level. Then you need to shed the seedling well, using at least two buckets of water, and sprinkle it with earth. In the future, you also need to water the seedling well.

How to distinguish between male and female trees

Sea buckthorn buds open

Sea buckthorn is a dioecious tree, it is divided into male (staminate) and female (pistillate) flowers. The male plant does not bear fruit, it serves for pollination. One tree is enough for 5-7 female seedlings. Female sea buckthorn bears fruit. There will be no harvest without male sea buckthorn. Trees should be planted nearby, as pollination occurs with the help of the wind.

It is difficult to distinguish these plants, especially at an early age. But there is a difference:

1. The female plant has small double buds. Male specimens have larger buds covered with 3–5 scales.
2. Male seedlings are larger.
3. The leaves have different shapes and colors. On the female sea buckthorn, the leaves are green, the male leaves are gray and have a larger bloom.

Care

Caring for this shrub is easy. It is important to loosen the ground, water and feed the plant, remove dried shoots. And then the sea buckthorn will bear fruit for about 12 years. After reaching the time when the tree ceases to bear fruit, you can cut it down to a stump, this will give an incentive to grow new shoots, which in the future will bear fruit again.

Watering

Sea buckthorn loves watering, especially in the heat. While picking berries, we recommend watering the sea buckthorn well and rinsing the berries on the branches at the same time.

top dressing

You need to feed 4 times a season:

• the first time this is done in the spring.
• the second time during flowering, this is done with a solution of potassium humate.
• the remaining two top dressings are carried out after flowering, with an interval of 20 days, for this they use Effecton.

pruning

An important condition for care is trimming the top. This contributes to the good development of the crown. You need to prune before bud break to remove unnecessary, damaged branches, and root shoots. This can be done at harvest time. The tree can grow up to 6 meters, for convenient harvesting it is important to regularly trim the tops. This is done with a sharp garden knife or pruner.

For preventive purposes, three-year-old branches are pruned.

Picking berries

Varietal sea buckthorn, in favorable conditions gives a high yield. The berries grow densely on the thorny branches of the tree, which requires a lot of time and patience when picking the fruit. Harvest at the end of August. But if you make juice from berries, the collection is postponed until early September. Don't tighten it too much, the berries become soft and burst.

Sea buckthorn harvesting options

Several sea ​​buckthorn harvest ideas:

1. The traditional way, when each berry is torn off, but it is very long and tiring.
2. Use different devices, for example, a stick with a hook. They remove the berries from the branch, and they fall into the prepared container.
3. You can cut off the branches along with the fruits, and freeze. Frozen berries are easier to remove from the branch. This method is suitable in case of further freezing of fruits.
4. If you make juice from sea buckthorn, it is better to use the following method. Wash your hands well, but it is better to wear cooking gloves, and squeeze the juice directly on the branch. You need to start from the base and lead to the end of the branch. Ready juice will fall into the framed basin. In an hour, you can press up to 5 liters of nectar.
5. There are also many devices for picking berries. You can take a wooden handle and wire, make a loop out of the wire. To pick a berry, you need to: put a loop on the fruit and sharply cut off the bandwagon, the berries will fall into the bowl.

• Berries should be cut from the top of the branch downwards.
• It is also important to wear gloves to avoid scratches from thorns and skin irritation. In order not to spoil the clothes, you can use an apron, because the sea buckthorn juice cannot be washed off
• No need to wash the berries, otherwise some of the juice will be lost. Before collecting, you can rinse them right on the bush.
• It is better to collect in enameled dishes.
• Process on the same day the crop was harvested.

reproduction

There are many ways to propagate sea buckthorn:

1. The easiest way to reproduce is seeds, they are sown in autumn. Shoots appear in a month. This method is used when breeding new varieties. Since such reproduction produces male plants, they are used for decorative purposes or for grafting other varieties.
2. reproduction root offspring used when sea buckthorn is not grafted. In the spring, the offspring is separated from the mother plant, added dropwise and watered well. When the root system develops well, it can be transplanted to another place.
3. For breeding layering it is better to take annual shoots. The soil needs to be fertilized. After that, small furrows are made near the base of the bush, into which young shoots are bent. The tops are pinched a little. When young shoots grow to 12 cm, they are sprinkled with moist earth with humus. In the spring, rooted layers are transplanted to a permanent place.
4. When transplanting to a new place, sea buckthorn is propagated dividing the bush. To do this, they dig a bush, remove old branches, leaving young ones. When dividing a bush, plants with a developed root system are selected.
5. For breeding green cuttings non-bearing plants are used. In this case, you need a greenhouse or greenhouse. The cuttings should be 12 cm in size. The bottom two sheets are removed, the cuttings are lowered into the rooting solution for 12–15 hours. Then planted in a greenhouse with prepared soil. To do this, fertile land is mixed with peat and sand, in a ratio of 1: 3.
   It is important to monitor the temperature and water the cuttings regularly, adventitious roots appear after a few weeks. And after a month, gradually accustoming the plant to outside air, the film can be removed.
6. The most affordable way is reproduction lignified cuttings. They are prepared in November and stored in the basement. In the spring, cut into 20 cm, soak for several days in water, and then for a day in a rooting solution. After that, buds and the makings of a root appear.
   Cuttings are planted in the prepared soil, watered abundantly and mulched with humus. A year later, healthy seedlings are transplanted to a permanent place.

Diseases and pests

Most often, the sea buckthorn tree is sick from changes in temperature and humidity. The most serious disease is. This is an incurable disease in which the berries shrivel and dry out. Affected branches should be cut and discarded. If the disease reappears next year, the tree must be disposed of.

Sea buckthorn fruits are very rich in vitamins and biologically active substances. Sea buckthorn is very useful and has healing properties.

Fresh fruits can simply be frozen, or ground with sugar. From the berries you can make juice, make jam or jam. Be sure to prepare sea buckthorn oil for the winter. This healing agent is known for its antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties.

By growing sea buckthorn on your site, you can provide the whole family with vitamins all year round. By consuming these berries every day, the body will receive many useful substances.

Every year, sea buckthorn gives a high yield of berries, but in order for this to happen, you need to select high-quality seedlings and understand the features of caring for them. For planting, medium-sized seedlings obtained by cuttings are needed. This makes it easier to distinguish between seedlings and coppice plants.

Sea buckthorn has male and female plant species, it is pollinated by wind, so two seedlings should be planted close to each other. A distance of 5-10 m is enough for the plant to be well pollinated and bear fruit in the fall.

Gardeners advise planting one female plant and two males, since the male is more likely to die, and in general, two plants can pollinate the female seedling much better, there will be more berries, they will taste better. Male plants can be planted next to each other, at a distance of less than 1 m.

When is the best time to plant and transplant sea buckthorn?

The most favorable time for transplanting a plant is considered to be early spring, the earlier the better. She does not survive the winter well if the conditions are not the most favorable. For example, a thaw period has a negative effect on the shrub, and the vegetation begins early in sea buckthorn.

An earlier transplant is needed for plants with an open root system, as well as individuals that can damage or lose the root system or part of it during digging.

Planting a seedling from a container into the ground is an easier process, but only if the plant has existed in the container for a year or more. In this case, its root system is resistant to soil, it is hardened by not the best conditions and will perfectly “get over” the period after disembarkation.

Even if you do not have the opportunity to plant sea buckthorn in the spring, then try to do it in the summer. Some prefer the autumn period, after harvesting, but in this case, the root system of the plant simply does not have time to get stronger before the cold weather approaches. This may injure him.

Choosing a place to land

Sea buckthorn is planted in the garden or in the garden. If planting plants in the garden, then you need to carefully ensure that they are not too close to the vegetable planting area. Garden soil is not entirely suitable for this type of shrub, and sea buckthorn itself with its roots, branching for many meters around itself underground, can cause damage to plantings. They do not lie very deep, only 20-30 cm deep, which makes the root system easy to damage. Sea buckthorn does not tolerate root injuries, it begins to hurt.

Important: plant the plant in a place where you will not need to cultivate and dig the soil around it. Most often, sea buckthorn is allocated a plot on the edge of a garden or vegetable garden - near a fence or next to buildings.

It is also necessary to monitor whether the plant receives enough light. You should not plant it in a place where the sun does not fall, sea buckthorn needs light, dark places do not suit it.

How to transplant adult sea buckthorn?

Planting sea buckthorn is a simple process, since in its structure it almost does not differ from other fruit plants. Some gardeners like to use a lot of fertilizer, which does not have the best effect on the life of the plant in the future. You should not overdo it with organic and mineral fertilizers, a bucket of compost will be enough (for transplanting, if you plant a young seedling, then this will be a lot), superphosphate (if the soil in your area has the ability to acidify, then use double superphosphate).

If desired, you can use complex fertilizer, although this is not the most useful option.

When transplanting sea buckthorn from one place to another, it is necessary to carefully dig out the main part of its roots. Since they are very long, several meters in length, it is unlikely that they will be able to dig a plant without damaging the roots at all. In order for sea buckthorn to take root better in a new place and not begin to fade due to a damaged root system, it is worth cutting off part of the above-ground region of the plant. Of course, this will reduce its ability to bear fruit this year, but in the future such a measure will be useful.

Planting young seedlings

Sea buckthorn - propagation by green cuttings

If the plant is already large and has many branches on the sides, then they can be removed, thus making life easier for the tree. Leave only the main trunk, it will quickly acquire new branches.

It is ideal to plant sea buckthorn at a distance of 1-1.5 m from the border of the site, the rows between sea buckthorn bushes should be 2x2 m. The pit for planting should be 30-40 cm deep and 50 cm in diameter. The bottom of the pit should be laid out with broken brick, shell and crushed stone, the layer should be about 10 cm. Fertile soil should be poured over this layer, and fertilizers above (do not overdo it with them).

A young seedling must be at least two years old. Planting it stands straight, it is best to first place a stake in the pit, which will serve as the basis for the correct installation of the seedling. If the tree is not planted correctly initially, then later the trunk can be very twisted, which will lead to the fact that the tree may be damaged in the future.

A newly planted tree should be watered abundantly and the ground compacted at its base.

What fertilizes sea buckthorn?

After the planting itself, you do not need to be zealous, fertilizing the soil. At this time, the plant needs rest, and unnecessary actions can disturb it. Make sure that there is enough sun, clear the land around the sea buckthorn from weeds, nature will do the rest.

If your plant is already several years old, then there are certain schemes for fertilizing and feeding sea buckthorn.

Some people are accustomed to lime the soil before planting sea buckthorn, lime dose depends entirely on what type of soil in your garden. But for all plants there are certain norms of nutrients that they must receive regularly.

We fertilize the soil according to the scheme

There is a scheme for fertilizing the soil in accordance with the goals of obtaining a certain amount of fruits.

An excellent way to fertilize sea buckthorn in spring and autumn is a garden drill. With the help of this device, holes are made 40 cm deep between the roots of the tree. In this case, the distance from the trunk should be 1 m. The hole is covered with pebbles and gravel, after which fertilizers can be fed through it and filled with water. Thus, the minerals will seep much deeper into the ground, due to which the plant will be fed and filled with energy.

There are certain rules for using different types of fertilizer for sea buckthorn.

Important: phosphorus is needed by sea buckthorn to a greater extent than other substances, as it helps the formation of nodule bacteria that form on the roots.

Females require more care and, accordingly, they should allocate more fertilizer. Male plants are more unpretentious, they can grow in dark areas, in dry soil, and so on. But this does not mean that they do not need care - they do, but it may be less thorough.

Video - Secrets and subtleties of growing sea buckthorn

Further plant care

In the spring, before the first buds bloom, you need to form sea buckthorn bushes, giving them the desired shape, cutting off unnecessary branches. It is worth doing this a year or two after planting, since the aerial part of the tree during this period is already well formed.

It is worth paying more attention to 4-5-year-old trees. During this period, there is no need to feel sorry for fruit-bearing branches, the excess weight of the aerial part interferes with the tree. It is best to remove shoots that grow parallel to the trunk, and dry branches must also be cut.

In older plants that bear fruit for 8 years or more, a period of disease may begin, the branches dry, and the fruits become less strong, which can lead to pest attacks on the plant. There are techniques for rejuvenating pruning of branches that can help bring sea buckthorn back to normal and return it to its former fruitfulness.

Interesting: in some areas, sea buckthorn is grown not for fruit, but for decorative purposes, so pruning occurs regularly, because it is given the necessary shape, which can be either round or angular.

It is worth carrying out sanitary cleaning of sea buckthorn annually. It includes covering various holes, cleaning dry branches and leaves, getting rid of the fungus. If the fungus has damaged most of the shrub, then it must be cut out and fully processed.

Picking sea buckthorn berries - shearing with scissors

Video - How to cut and shape sea buckthorn in the garden

There is an opinion that sea buckthorn is far from the best plant that should be planted. This is due to the fact that it is quite prickly, and its fruits are sour. However, if you plant sea buckthorn yourself and take good care of it, then it will give a large, sweet and sour and very healthy harvest.

Self-grown sea buckthorn will be a great addition to dishes, and sea buckthorn oil will be a useful remedy for treatment. Berries have a rich supply of minerals that are simply necessary for the body. Sea buckthorn can produce delicious fruits all year round, but this is only possible from high-quality varietal seedlings.

Buying sea buckthorn seedlings

There are several rules that must be followed when buying sea buckthorn seedlings:

1. Do not take seedlings from random sellers, as they cannot guarantee you the purity and health of the fetus. It is better to buy them from friends who are engaged in planting, or find out who sells good fruits and go to him. The seedling should have 3-5 skeletal roots, 20 cm long, and many fibrous. Also, the seedling must have a stem 35-50 cm high and 6-8 mm in diameter with several shoots.
2. Look at the bark. It is important that it does not exfoliate from the wood. A quality healthy plant has a smooth, elastic bark, without scratches. If browning of wood is observed, then such fruits should not be taken. This indicates that the plant froze in winter.
3. Buy 3-4 female plants and 1-2 male plants. One male is enough, since it is able to pollinate several females at once. For successful pollination, male and female fruits should be at a distance of 5-10 m. The second male plant is taken in case the first one dies.

Sea buckthorn planting in autumn

It is believed that the best season for planting sea buckthorn is spring, since this plant tolerates winter quite difficult. This is especially true for seedlings with an open root system. But some plant sea buckthorn in the fall. The main thing in this case is to make sure that the roots do not freeze. It should be noted that the roots of sea buckthorn are long, they are at a depth of about 50 cm. They do not tolerate digging. It is recommended to plant sea buckthorn on neutral, light soils. In addition, the sun should constantly fall on it, since sea buckthorn is a light-loving plant.

Choosing a place to plant a plant is very important. It is required to plant so that the plant is at a great distance from the areas of cultivation of garden soil. It is reasonable to plant sea buckthorn along the road, near the lawn.

It is noteworthy that the landing has no features. The tree is rooted in the same way as other fruit plants. If you still decide to carry out the process in the fall, then it is best to do this in early October. This is necessary so that the plant does not have time to take root before frost. So, the planted shoot is rooted on a hill in a pit, the diameter of which is about 50 cm. The roots must be carefully spread along the slopes, and then a mixture of organic matter, sand and soil from the site should be poured into the pit in a ratio of 1: 1: 1. Then fertilizers are added, for example, double superphosphate in the amount of 200 g. Now you need to cover the shoot with earth to the root collar. It is important to make a wide hole around the seedling and water it. One plant requires at least two buckets of water.

In the year of planting, there is no need to feed the plant. In the spring, nitrogen fertilizers can be applied at approximately 20-30 g. Sea buckthorn does not need frequent watering. A few good waterings are enough, especially during the dry season. Before a cold winter, water is especially important. Also in the fall, you need to add organic and phosphate fertilizers to the soil.

Sea buckthorn processing

Like any other plant, sea buckthorn must be protected from pests and dangerous organisms. This requires regular sanitation. It is very important to collect fallen leaves, clean wounds on trunks and branches, and treat them with a three percent solution of copper sulfate. In addition, you need to whitewash the trunk and skeletal branches of the tree with lime. Thus, sea buckthorn will be protected from pests. For the prevention of fungal plants, a seven percent solution of urea is used.

Fruit picking should be done when the berries have reached large sizes and acquired the appropriate color. It is better to collect sea buckthorn fruits when the plant is not very tall. If the sea buckthorn has grown strongly, it must be cut at the right height. Basically, sea buckthorn tolerates pruning. This procedure can be carried out at any time of the year with the exception of winter. It is especially important to carry out sanitary pruning in the fall, before the onset of cold weather.

Plant propagation

This plant can be propagated in the following ways:

Note that propagation by seeds contributes to the loss of varieties. This method is only suitable if it is required to breed new varieties or obtain male plants. Approximately the same number of males and females come out of the sown seeds.

Propagation by seeds is carried out from the beginning of autumn. It is necessary to prepare the beds for them: determine the place of sowing, mix the top layer of soil with coarse sand and organic fertilizers, as well as compact the earth and make grooves 2-3 cm wide. In addition, in early autumn, you need to start preparing humus, which will come in handy, to cover the seeds. With the onset of cold weather, it is required to remove snow from the beds and put seeds in them. The distance between them should be 1-1.5 cm. Next, you need to cover them with humus so that you get a layer of 1 cm. If you sow in the spring, you need to soak the seeds in water for 4-5 days in advance. After germination, they are placed in beds.

Reproduction by grafting is performed only when the males die. In this case, male cuttings are grafted into the crown of females. They grow quickly and after a year they are able to pollinate female plants.

Lignified cuttings are propagated as follows:

Reproduction by green cuttings involves cutting shoots 15-20 cm long during the decaying growth of the plant. Then the shoots are cut into pieces. After that, you need to make a cut over the kidney with a thin blade, remove a few lower leaves, collect the cuttings in a bunch and put them in a bucket of water. Before planting, the land should be well watered. It is important to choose a place where the sun does not directly hit. Next, you need to mix peat, topsoil and coarse-grained river sand, after which sand is poured on top of the bed.

The simplest breeding option is this process carried out by offspring. In the spring, you need to separate the root offspring with a shovel from the mother plant. Then it is covered with earth. It needs to be watered from time to time until it has a healthy root system in the fall. After that, the offspring is transplanted to a permanent place.

The best varieties of sea buckthorn in the Urals, Siberia and Moscow region

Despite the fact that the climate and soils of the Urals and Siberia are not very suitable for growing berry crops, certain varieties of sea buckthorn still grow there. For example, Giant, Altai sea buckthorn, Inya, Nugget and some others.

Since the 40s, unique varieties of sea buckthorn have been grown in the Moscow region. In the Moscow region, this berry grows well and produces a large number of fruits. There you can find such varieties of sea buckthorn as the Golden Cob, Elizabeth, Fragrant, Lomonosovskaya, Orange and others.

How to plant sea buckthorn in autumn

Sea buckthorn bushes grow in almost every garden plot. Compotes are made from its berries and jam is made. Orange or yellow fruits of sea buckthorn are a real storehouse of vitamins, and there are even more of them in seeds. These are vitamins P, E, F, C, B1, B2. Carotene in them is much more than in all the fruits of the temperate zones. This is very important, since carotene significantly strengthens vision.

Beneficial features

In folk medicine, they believe that sea buckthorn cures almost all diseases, and that this remedy is almost miraculous. That's right, sea buckthorn is a medicinal plant. She even helps animals. For example, sick sheep and horses are fed sea buckthorn leaves, and they get better. Against dysentery, an infusion of sea buckthorn bark is considered an excellent property, and a decoction of seeds can easily replace a laxative. Sea buckthorn oil treats stomach ulcers, burns, eczema, frostbite. It reduces pain and heals wounds. B vitamins improve well-being and strengthen the nervous system. Vitamin F regulates metabolism in the skin.

Collecting sea buckthorn berries is very difficult. They are located very densely on the prickly branches of the bush, and immediately burst if carelessly touch them. Up to seventeen kilograms of berries are harvested from old and adult bushes. Sweet and sour berries taste a bit like a fruit - pineapple. Sea buckthorn grows in areas where the climate is temperate and loves moist soil.

plant description

Sea buckthorn belongs to the Lokhov family. This is a dioecious plant, which means that it has female plants - they form pistils and set fruits, and there are male plants, only stamens are formed in their flowers, which give a lot of pollen. Pollen from male plants is carried by the wind to female plants at a distance of up to one hundred meters. Insects do not take part in this process. One male plant can pollinate ten to fourteen female plants. At a young age, it is very difficult to distinguish female plants from male ones. Signs that can be distinguished appear at the beginning of the fruiting process. The buds are large, slightly swollen in male plants, they are slightly removed from the shoot, covered with four scales on top. In female plants, the buds are very small, covered with only two scales, and they are pressed against the shoot. In nature, there are several types of sea buckthorn, for example, willow sea buckthorn grows in the Himalayas on the southern slopes. This tree grows to a height of five to eleven meters. Tibetan sea buckthorn grows in northern China, in the highlands of the Himalayas.

Sea buckthorn, which is grown in household plots, does not exceed four meters. Most often, the plant begins to bloom in mid-May. Flowering lasts for several days. Flowers, both female and male, are quite small, you can see them only if you look very carefully. The fruit is a drupe, red, yellow or orange in color with different shades, oval or rounded, weighing from 0.03 to one gram. To the shoot, the fruits are attached with the help of a short stalk, and stick around it completely.

The roots are closer to the surface of the earth than in other plants. The root system is much wider than the crown and goes up to four meters from the trunk. The main mass of roots, as a rule, lies at a depth of up to thirty centimeters. The roots are weakly branched, cord-like, with little fibrous, fragile and very juicy. They have nodule formations the size of a large walnut. They can process nitrogen from the air into a compound that plants absorb. Thanks to this, the lack of all nutrients is replenished. Adnexal buds are laid on horizontal roots, from which root suckers develop in the future.

Sea buckthorn is a very photophilous plant. Fruit formations and wood have high frost resistance, but in cold winters there is a significant death of flower buds and a strong decrease in yield. It grows well on medium loamy and light soils. Highly carbonate and alkaline soils are not suitable for it. It develops very poorly on acidic soils. Sea buckthorn loves moisture very much, with its lack in the habitat of the roots, the yields fall sharply. It also tolerates long-term flooding with running waters, and poorly with stagnant ones.

Proper planting of sea buckthorn

Sea buckthorn is best planted in autumn. For planting sea buckthorn, it is necessary to choose illuminated places where the snow cover accumulates moderately so that during the spring thaw it does not break off all the branches of the plant. Sea buckthorn loves light soil, and in heavy soils it is recommended to add as much sand and organic fertilizers as possible, it is better to use coarse-grained river sand. Typically, the feeding area is four to six square meters. Sea buckthorn is planted at a distance from each other, for example, two by two, or two by three meters. This area is fertilized all over, fifteen to twenty kilograms of organic fertilizers are applied per square meter, and three hundred grams of superphosphate, and everything is dug up to a depth of forty centimeters.

From the side of the prevailing wind, male trees are planted. If there are only three or four female trees on the site, then in order to save space in the crown of one of them, you can easily graft three or four branches of a male plant. For pollination of all plants - this will be more than enough. Basically, one or two-year-old seedlings of a plant with two or three shoots and a height of not more than fifty centimeters are used for planting, with three to five main roots no more than twenty centimeters long. The diameter of the trunk of the root collar is approximately eight millimeters. The best time for planting a plant such as sea buckthorn is autumn, no later than October 10, or early spring before all the buds open.

The size of the landing pit should be fifty by fifty centimeters. It is necessary to add two buckets of organic fertilizers to it, at least two hundred grams of superphosphate. A sea buckthorn seedling is placed twelve centimeters lower in the pit than it grew in the nursery in order to create the necessary conditions for the formation of the second tier of the root system. When transporting a seedling, the roots must be protected from drying out. If they have nodule formations, then they must be preserved. When planting, the soil is firmly pressed to the roots. After planting seedlings, they are immediately abundantly watered with at least one bucket per plant. In the future, sea buckthorn should be cared for in the same way as other crops, with the exception of a couple of features. It is recommended to loosen the soil no deeper than eight centimeters, because the entire root system is located almost at the surface.

There is practically no research on the fertilizers that sea buckthorn needs, as practice shows, it responds well to phosphate and organic fertilizers. On a fruit-bearing plot, every two years it is recommended to apply six kilograms of organic fertilizers and one hundred grams of superphosphate per square meter of the trunk circle. Nitrogen fertilizers are needed only for sea buckthorn that grows on very poor soils. Fertilizers should be scattered and embedded to a depth of ten centimeters, not so deep near the trunk. It is recommended to fertilize in the spring. From the spring period until the full ripening of the fruits, soil moisture should be monitored, it should be watered three to four buckets per square meter of the trunk circle.

Sea buckthorn begins to bear fruit in three to four years. The fruits are usually formed only on the last year's growth, and therefore the fruiting is constantly moving to the edge of the crown, and those branches that bear fruit are bare, so one should strive to ensure every year an excellent growth and lay the foundation for a higher harvest next year.

On fairly old plants, the yield is significantly reduced, because the growth decreases noticeably over the years, picking berries due to the high crown becomes very difficult. In order to extend the life of the plant, it is necessary to carry out anti-aging pruning of four-year-old branches on a side branch. It is not necessary to cut the entire crown in one year, it is better in different years in parts. At the place of the cut, new ones will necessarily appear, strong ones that will bear fruit well.

Every year, some of the branches disappear from sea buckthorn. In the process of crown formation, dead and broken branches are removed, thickening shoots are carefully thinned out. Last year's shoots cannot be shortened, because the crop will immediately drop significantly. With excellent care from one tree, you can get up to seventeen kilograms of berries.

Sea buckthorn fruits ripen in late August and early September. When they are fully ripe, then the collection begins. There is less oil in overripe and unripe berries than in mature fruits. Overripe fruits are very difficult to pick as they burst very easily. When collecting, use special forks, they are made of steel.

The shoot is clamped with a fork, it just fits in the recess on the cheeks of the clamp. They move along the shoot with a fork, thereby picking off the berries, which, in turn, fall into the canopy, which is previously hung under the branch. It's okay if shoot branches come off along with the fruits, they, as a rule, live only one year and die in the autumn. Instead of a canopy, you can also use an aluminum or wooden tray covered with a film with straps, which the assembler previously hangs around his neck. It is quick and easy to collect fruits in it, because you can approach any branch. Thus, more than fifty kilograms of fruit can be harvested per day.

With an excellent harvest, branches with fruits often sag, and the wind breaks them, so a kind of support is placed under them in advance - chatala. After harvesting the berries, the soil is loosened on the tree trunks, the stands are removed, and the weeds are destroyed. In winter, it is necessary to level the snow around the trees evenly, but the height of the snow cover should not be more than seventy centimeters, because too high snow during melting can break off all branches. If a lot of snow accumulates closer to spring, then with the onset of warm days, the branches are freed from it.

How to propagate sea buckthorn

Sea buckthorn is propagated by grafting cuttings, rooting lignified and green cuttings, horse shoots, if the sea buckthorn is self-rooted, grown from root shoots or cuttings, and not grafted. The most accessible way for amateur gardeners is the rooting of lignified cuttings. Well-developed annual shoots are cut from the plant in early April, carefully tied into bunches and stored in the snow. From cut shoots with a diameter of eight to nine ml. cuttings root better. The shoots cut in early May are cut into cuttings fifteen to eighteen centimeters long and tied into a bundle, so that everyone must have the bottom on one side, and the top on the other, with their lower ends immediately placed in water for one third of the entire length and incubated at room temperature for seven days until the kidneys are completely swollen. After planted in the prepared soil.

The site for planting the plant must be protected from the winds from all sides and well lit. The soil must be fertilized with compost or humus, if necessary, sand can be added, the earth is carefully dug up and made like a bed for strawberries. Such beds are recommended to be done in the fall. Cuttings should be planted vertically, so that three or four buds must remain above the soil. The feeding area is ten by ten centimeters. The soil should be as close to the cutting as possible. After planting, they are watered abundantly.

Planting sea buckthorn through a film can give excellent results. It is necessary to spread a plastic film on the garden bed, press the edges with boards or sprinkle with earth. The cuttings should be stuck into the soil through the holes made in the film, and watered very well. Every morning, from a watering can with small holes, this area is watered abundantly. In this case, only the top layer of the earth should be wetted, and not create a flood. If necessary, the weed is removed, and the earth is loosened.

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Sea buckthorn plant in autumn

Sea buckthorn is quite winter-hardy, however, in winters with sharp temperature changes, wood and, especially, the flowering rudiments of male plants freeze slightly. Generative buds in sea buckthorn are laid on the growth of the current year. Yields are highly dependent on weather conditions. The seed offspring of sea buckthorn enters fruiting at 4-5 years, vegetative - at 3-4 years.

Site selection and soil preparation.

Sea buckthorn is a photophilous plant. When shaded, it grows poorly and bears little fruit. It prefers light, fertile, well-drained soils. Does not withstand standing water. The groundwater level should be no closer than a meter from the soil surface. Acidic soils must be limed with slaked lime at the rate of 400-600 g per 1 m2. Lime is scattered in an even layer over the surface of the soil, and then dug onto a spade bayonet. This work is usually carried out in October.

On heavy loamy soils, to improve breathability, it is recommended to mix the top layer with coarse-grained river sand and humus (or peat) in approximately equal proportions. 200-300 g of superphosphate and 30-50 g of potassium salt are also added here. Nitrogen fertilizers and lime are not applied to the planting pit to avoid root burns.

When allocating a site for sea buckthorn, one should take into account that its roots can extend several meters beyond the crown. In the area where sea buckthorn is grown, the soil cannot be dug up, but it is necessary to loosen the top layer of soil to a depth of 5-10 cm, for example, with a chopper, cutting weeds. It is necessary to loosen annually in the spring to make compost or humus mixed with mineral fertilizers at the rate of 0.5-1 bucket of compost mixed with 2-4 tablespoons of nitrophoska per 1 sq. meter. Another option: in the spring 15 g of urea, in the fall 1 bucket of humus, 30 g of double superphosphate, 15 g of potassium chloride.

Sea buckthorn is a dioecious plant. This means that on some specimens only male (staminate) flowers develop, which are pollinators, on others - female (pistil), which, after pollination and fertilization, produce fruits. Before fruiting, male and female individuals are practically indistinguishable in appearance. When entering the fruiting period, they are easy to recognize before the start of the growing season. In male plants, the buds are two to three times larger than in female plants, they have five to seven covering scales; in females, the kidneys are small, elongated, covered with only two scales. For normal pollination, one male is enough for 4-6 female plants.

It should be borne in mind that sea buckthorn is a wind-pollinated plant. Therefore, it is better to place the male plant on the leeward side: at the beginning of the row (for single-row planting) or in the center of the rectangle (for two-row placement of female plants). Sea buckthorn flowers are small, barely visible to the naked eye. If the weather is calm during flowering, additional pollination of female flowers should be carried out. To do this, it is enough to cut a twig from the male plant and shake it over the crown of the female plant.

Planting seedlings of sea buckthorn.

Sea buckthorn seedlings should be planted only in spring, during autumn planting, the percentage of non-rooted plants is high. Planting scheme 3x2.5 m. When planting with seeds, varietal characteristics are not preserved. Sea buckthorn should be propagated by root shoots or cuttings. You can plant cuttings in the fall. There was a case of changing the sex of the cutting. Some varieties of sea buckthorn produce a lot of root growth, but you can severely damage the root system of the mother plant by digging up the growth. It should be noted that not all varieties are resistant to diseases, and resistant varieties should be selected in each locality. A distinctive feature of cultivated sea buckthorn is the absence or a very small number of thorns.

We buy sea buckthorn seedlings.

So, you have purchased sea buckthorn seedlings. If this happened in the fall, then it is better to dig the plants until the next spring in a trench 20-30 cm deep, at the bottom of which a layer of sand is poured. Seedlings in a trench are laid one by one in a row (at an angle of 45 °) and covered with earth. When a cold snap sets in, they can be covered with dry foliage, peat or spruce branches.

The best time to plant sea buckthorn is spring, before bud break, in extreme cases - before the flowering of sea buckthorn, which contributes to a better development of plants.

When purchasing sea buckthorn, remember that you need to purchase female and male plants in a ratio of approximately 4:1 or 5:1. In spring, plants are planted on the site either in a curtain - in the middle one male, and around females, or in rows, where males (1 - 2 plants) are planted in the first row from the side of the prevailing winds, and behind them - females (4 - 5). The distance between plants is 2.0 - 2.5 m.

The origin of the male plants in the garden is not essential, however, for good pollination, it is better to have several male plants of different origin (Altai, Sayan, Kaliningrad, etc.).

Several flowers are laid in the kidneys: from 4 - 8 in females to 32 in males! The flowers are collected in a spike-shaped brush, the flowers are inconspicuous, small, hardly visible to the naked eye. Flowering lasts from 7 to 12 days depending on weather conditions.

Sea buckthorn is planted in pits 65 x 65 x 65 cm with biennial seedlings according to the scheme 2 x 4 m or 1.5 x 3 m, depending on the varieties. The soil, I repeat, should be loose, nutritious, medium loamy or medium sandy with a pH of 6.5 - 7.

Sea buckthorn is planted on a mound in a hole, the roots are carefully straightened along the slopes of the mound and then the pit is covered with a mixture of organic matter, sand (on loam) and soil from the site in a ratio of 1: 1: 1, from mineral fertilizers - double superphosphate, 200 g in each pit. All this is mixed with earth. Cover the earth up to the root collar. On sandy soils, the root neck can be slightly deepened, but on loamy soils this is not recommended.

Make a wide hole around the seedling and water it (about 2 buckets of water for each plant). And the subsequent care of seedlings consists in watering.

In the year of planting, there is no need to feed the plants. In the spring of next year, to stimulate the growth of shoots, nitrogen fertilizers (preferably in liquid form) should be applied at the rate of 20-30 g of urea per bucket of water. For one plant give 0.5 - 1 bucket of solution.

When caring for young and fruit-bearing plantations, it is recommended to apply organic fertilizers (humus, compost) every 3-4 years at the rate of 1 bucket per 1 m2 of the tree trunk. Fertilizers are embedded in the soil to a depth of 10-20 cm. Do this carefully so as not to damage the roots.

In dry years, sea buckthorn reacts positively to watering. They should not be very frequent, but plentiful.

Sea buckthorn breeding

Sea buckthorn can be propagated in various ways: woody and green cuttings, shoots, grafting and seeds. It should be borne in mind that during seed propagation, the characteristics of varieties are not preserved. This method of propagation is used mainly for the purpose of breeding new varieties or obtaining male plants. Approximately equal numbers of males and females grow from sown seeds. Most of the seedlings, as a rule, inherit the traits of their wild ancestors: strong roundness and small fruit.

Reproduction by seeds. It must be carried out from the beginning of autumn. Prepare beds for seeds: determine the place of sowing, mix the topsoil with coarse sand and organic fertilizers, tamp the earth and make grooves 2-3 cm deep and wide, compact the bottom again. In early autumn, also prepare the necessary amount of humus, which will be needed in the future to cover the seeds.

When persistent frosts come, clear the beds of snow and place the seeds in them at a distance of 1–1.5 cm from each other, then cover with humus to form a layer 1 cm thick.

If you want to sow the seeds in the spring, soak them in water at room temperature for 4-5 days first. After the seeds begin to germinate and the soil warms up, place the soaked seeds in the beds at a depth of 4-5 cm. To make it easier to care for the seedlings for two years, make grooves at a distance of 20 cm from each other. And two years later, in the fall, transplant the seedling to a permanent place.

Reproduction by grafting. Grafting by cuttings (the method of improved copulation) is usually resorted to in the event of the death of male plants. Then, male cuttings are grafted into the crown of female specimens. They grow quickly and after 1 - 2 years they can pollinate female plants. The grafting of males to females is also resorted to with a limited area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe garden plot.

Propagation by woody cuttings. Cut annual shoots from healthy four- or five-year-old bushes in late November - early December or early March. Store shoots indoors or under snow at a temperature of 0 + 2 degrees. In early spring, cut cuttings from shoots 15–20 cm long and 0.6 cm thick or more.

Place the cuttings in water for 2-3 days, then plant them on the ridges in a strictly vertical position, leaving a distance of 10 cm between the cuttings and the ridges. 2-3 buds should be at the top. After planting, compact the soil, water it abundantly and sprinkle with peat. For the first 2-3 weeks, water the earth 2-3 times a day, periodically loosen and weed. By autumn, when all care requirements are met, a plant with a well-developed above-ground and root system is formed.

Positive results are obtained by rooting biennial branches of sea buckthorn. Biennial branches are cut from mother plants, annual growths are removed from them, leaving stumps with two or three buds, and biennial parts are kept in wet sawdust for 10-15 days at a temperature of plus 10-15 °. After the formation of tubercles and small roots, the branches are carefully planted in open ground in a horizontal position in previously watered furrows. They fall asleep with moist soil with a layer of 3 cm and mulch with sawdust with a layer of 1.5-2 cm. With this method of reproduction, rooting is 90-100%.

Propagation by green cuttings. In June, during the fading growth of sea buckthorn, shoots 15-20 cm long are cut early in the morning, cut into pieces 5-7 cm long. Green cuttings do not form a root system well, so choose slightly lignified shoots for cutting.

With a sharp knife or blade, carefully cut over the kidney, remove 3-4 lower leaves. Collect the prepared cuttings in a bundle and place in a bucket of water.

Prepare the soil before planting the cuttings. Select plot, on which direct sunlight does not fall, dig it to a depth of 25-30 cm, mix the topsoil, peat and coarse-grained river sand in equal proportions (in a ratio of 1:1:1). Top the bed with sand to a thickness of 2-3 cm.

Immediately before planting, water the bed well, deepen the cuttings into the soil by 2-3 cm, the distance between the cuttings is 3-5 cm, in a strictly vertical position.

Pour the earth again, place wire arcs over the ridge and stretch polyethylene over them so that the distance between the upper part of the handle and the film is at least 2–3 cm.

Sprinkle the edges of the film near the edge of the ridge with earth.

At daytime air temperature plus 25-30 ° under the film, favorable conditions are created for the rooting of green cuttings. After 2-3 weeks, 40-50% of them root well and begin to grow. In order for the cuttings to develop well, take care of them: water, loosen, feed with ammonium nitrate (20 g per bucket of water). A month after planting the green cuttings, the plants are gradually hardened, for which, at certain hours, raise the film, water less often, ventilate more often, opening the film shelter.

Even before the onset of cold weather, insulate the cuttings with leaves, sawdust and leave them in the garden until spring. In the spring, when the cuttings have a strong healthy root system, transplant them to the prepared soil for growing. Between the furrows, leave an empty space of 30 cm. Place the cuttings at a distance of 15 cm from each other. After transplanting, be sure to water the stalk abundantly, and then constantly take care of it during cultivation: weed, spud, loosen, water. There are various ways to prepare the soil for growing, depending on the composition of the soil. So, neutralize acidic soils by adding lime to them. Mix heavy soil in equal parts with peat or coarse sand.

Reproduction offspring- the easiest way to propagate sea buckthorn. The appearance of root offspring or shoots in a 4-5-year-old plant is one of the features of sea buckthorn. To get a seedling, in the spring separate the root offspring with a shovel from the mother plant, cover it with earth and water it periodically until it develops a healthy root system in the fall. Now transplant the offspring to a permanent place, having previously determined the sex of the plant. Remember that shoots taken from a grafted plant do not retain the properties of the mother plant.

If you do not want to wait for the natural appearance of offspring, the process of their formation can be accelerated. To do this, find a skeletal root in the ground and cut it a short distance from the bush. Leave the cut open. Later, offspring are formed here, on which roots will appear by the second year.

A year before transplanting, separate the offspring from the mother plant, and transplant it into a previously prepared hole in the spring.

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Sea buckthorn - planting and care

Despite the great decorative and healing properties, sea buckthorn is quite rare in the areas of summer residents. The reason for this paradoxical phenomenon lies in the peculiarities of planting. What is the secret of growing and caring for sea buckthorn?

When is it better to plant sea buckthorn: features of spring and autumn planting

Sea buckthorn is planted in early spring, immediately after the soil has thawed, but sap flow has not yet begun. The optimal time for planting a tree comes in March-April, when the temperature is above + 4-5 C.

Pros of spring planting sea buckthorn:

The disadvantages include the following factors:

• It is difficult to guess the time for planting, since the interval between thawing the soil and the start of sap flow is very short.
• So that the seedlings do not dry out during the summer heat, they need to be provided with appropriate care.



Before giving preference to the autumn planting of sea buckthorn, one must take into account the fact that sea buckthorn is one of those plants that does not tolerate winter well, especially if it is very changeable. So, if prolonged thaws often occur in the growing region, the plant starts to grow and freezes out when it gets cold. In more severe conditions, young seedlings do not have enough strength, and they die. Depending on the climatic conditions of the region, sea buckthorn is planted in autumn immediately after leaf fall in late September - the first half of October.

Among the advantages of autumn planting sea buckthorn are the following:

• In autumn, you can easily find a seedling of the required variety and assess its condition by the type of foliage and bark.
• Many sellers provide the opportunity to taste the berries, so you can quickly choose a variety.
• Plants planted in autumn begin to grow 2-3 weeks earlier than those planted in spring.

Given all the above facts, the best time to plant sea buckthorn comes in early spring. Only seedlings grown in a container can be planted in autumn.

How to plant sea buckthorn: features and step by step instructions

Landing, like any other procedure, requires compliance with the rules and recommendations, which guarantees a positive result. Therefore, you must strictly follow the tips and instructions below.

What should be a seedling

When choosing planting material, first of all, you need to pay attention to the appearance of the root system and sea buckthorn bark. On a good plant, there should be no mechanical damage, dark spots, sluggish or exfoliated areas.

Important! It is impossible to cut off small nodules on the roots. With the help of these growths, the plant absorbs nitrogen from the atmosphere.

To minimize the risk of damage to the root system, it is better to give preference to sea buckthorn seedlings with a closed root system. A biennial plant 50 cm high should have a rhizome with 5-8 shoots about 25 cm long.



Since the shoots that have moved away from the roots practically do not retain the characteristics of the mother plant, it is best to use grafted seedlings for planting.

Seedlings with an open root system, which has dried up during exposure to air, are immersed in water for 24 hours. The rhizome that has restored its elasticity is dipped in a clay mash, and then planted in the ground.

Important! Sea buckthorn trees are divided into male and female. You can distinguish the sex of the plant by the size of the buds: in the "cavaliers" they are larger and covered with 5-6 scales, the buds of the "ladies" are somewhat elongated and covered with 2-3 scales. In order for the plant to bear fruit, one male and 1-3 female trees should be planted on the site at a distance of 5-10 m from each other.

Landing place

It is necessary to plant a light-loving plant only in sunny areas, protected from strong winds. The root system of sea buckthorn consists of several weakly branched processes about 5 m long. Despite such vastness, the bulk of the roots lie at a depth of 20-30 cm. Therefore, in order to protect the tree from damage, it must be planted away from vegetable gardens or areas where deep digging.



Groundwater should lie at a level of at least 2 m.

Thus, the best place for planting sea buckthorn in the country will be a site located on the periphery or along the road, near which there are no large buildings and dense trees.

What can not be planted

The worst neighbors for sea buckthorn are raspberries, strawberries and blackcurrants. The result of such a neighborhood will be a deterioration in yields, since these crops consume the same substances.



It is also not recommended to plant a healing tree near the garden, especially next to potatoes and tomatoes. In addition, incompatible plants located nearby are in danger of being infected by the same pests.

At what distance

Due to the peculiarity of the root system of sea buckthorn to grow strongly, the minimum distance between plants should not be less than 2.5-3 m. To the edge of the site should be at least 1.5 - 2 m. If there is not enough free space for planting two plants, a female tree is grafted on a male stalk.



What kind of soil is needed

Sea buckthorn grows best on sandy and sandy soils, the acidity of which is more than 6.5. Clay acidic soils are the most unsuitable for growing plants. In order to improve such a soil, the following actions are carried out:

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Sea buckthorn: planting and care, reproduction, cultivation

Often we are talking about such a beautiful plant as sea buckthorn. Planting and care are fundamental processes necessary for the successful cultivation of all plants. For many gardeners, sea buckthorn is not as valuable a crop as, for example, blackcurrant or raspberry. On the contrary, over the years it has been uprooted from garden plantings. It is very easy to explain the negative attitude towards sea buckthorn - the berries are too sour, there are thorns on the shoots, and the shrub gives a large amount of weed root growth, which drowns out other plants. However, wild sea buckthorn has these properties. Your attitude to the plant will change radically with the appearance of a cultivated garden berry in the garden.



It is about how to grow varietal sea buckthorn in your area that will be discussed in this article. Sea buckthorn, planting and caring for which require certain knowledge from the gardener, will help you in solving some gardening problems.

Biological features of sea buckthorn

Many gardeners immediately try to find the necessary information in specialized reference books - "Sea buckthorn: planting, growing, pruning." However, first it would not hurt to get acquainted with the biological characteristics of this culture. Sea buckthorn belongs to the family of dioecious plants. This means that for fruiting in the garden, it will be necessary to plant not one shrub, but two - male and female. Determining the gender is not difficult. In the spring, when the plant has not yet unfolded its leaves, take a closer look at its buds. In female sea buckthorn, they are half as large and have only two covering scales. The buds of the male tree are large and have 5-7 scales.



Little by little, it's time to move on to really valuable information that can answer the question of how sea buckthorn seedlings are planted. Pollination occurs by wind, so trees should be planted close to each other at a distance of no more than 50 m. A male plant can be taken even from wild growth, but a female plant should be varietal.

Sea buckthorn: grown in the country. Care and landing

Sea buckthorn is photophilous and moisture-loving, prefers open sunny areas. An adult plant is quite frost-resistant, however, in especially severe, snowless winters, flower buds can freeze slightly. This, of course, leads to a decrease in productivity. Therefore, when buying a seedling, check with the seller how the variety is adapted to your climate zone. All this information can be found in the section of the gardening guide - "Sea buckthorn: planting and care."



The plant prefers light and medium loamy soils, does not like acidic, solonetsous and highly carbonate soils. When planting a crop in heavy loam, add coarse sand to the planting hole. The sea buckthorn bush should be planted away from the garden and beds, that is, from those places where soil loosening often occurs. This is explained simply - the root system is sprawling and goes a few meters away from the plant. By digging the soil under the bed, you can easily damage the roots. This injures and weakens sea buckthorn, the fruit yield decreases. Damage to the roots of the plant leads to profuse growth of unwanted wild growth.

Planting and transplanting sea buckthorn seedlings

The most favorable time for planting sea buckthorn seedlings is spring. During the warm months, the plant will take root well and get stronger. Of course, sea buckthorn can be planted in the fall. But in this case, the probability of freezing of the plant is high - in a short time, sea buckthorn does not have time to take root well enough.
Usually, annual or biennial seedlings are planted with two thickened shoots 35-40 cm long. Male trees are planted from the direction of the blowing winds. For more economical placement, even grafting 2-3 branches of a male tree on female sea buckthorn shoots is allowed.

For planting a crop, prepare a 50x50 planting hole. Add 2 buckets of organics and at least 200 g of superphosphate to it. Dilute heavy soil with coarse sand. When planting, place the seedling 12-15 cm deeper than it grew before transplanting. This will create conditions for the formation of an additional tier of roots. After planting sea buckthorn, press the earth as tightly as possible to the roots. Water the new plant immediately.



It is better to transplant sea buckthorn in the spring. At the plant, try to injure the root system as little as possible. If, during digging, the roots of the tree were damaged, then the shoots should also be cut off at least a third. On an adult plant, during transplantation, all side shoots are cut without regret, leaving only the central trunk.

Sea buckthorn: cultivation, planting, care, varieties

All varietal sea buckthorn is frost-resistant. However, sudden temperature changes in winter can cause great damage to the flowering primordia of male plants. In order not to lose the crop, it is better to have two male trees on the site.
In summer, in a drought, sea buckthorn will require additional watering. The culture does not require frequent fertilizers - once a year will be enough. Due to the fact that her roots are sprawling and go far from the near-stem circle, top dressing is rather difficult. And in two or three years it is not necessary at all.

Propagation of sea buckthorn by lignified shoots

Propagating sea buckthorn is not difficult. The fastest way to do this is in a vegetative way: varietal female trees - green or lignified cuttings; male - root shoots.

With the second option, everything is simple - they dug it out and transplanted it to the required place. Rooting cuttings of female varietal trees is a little more difficult. For propagation by lignified cuttings, well-ripened shoots are cut in November and stored in the snow until spring. As soon as the cold subsides, cuttings are cut no more than 20 cm long, kept with the lower limbs in any root formation solution for 2-3 days, and then planted in grooves at a distance of at least 30 cm from each other. Two buds are left on the cutting above the soil surface. A bed with planted plants is watered abundantly.



For the fastest rooting, the cuttings can be covered with polyethylene in order to maintain a fairly moist environment inside the greenhouse. During the entire rooting period, make sure that the soil always remains moist. Upon reaching a height of 50 cm, young plants can be transplanted to a permanent place.

Propagation of sea buckthorn by green cuttings

In industrial crop production, the method of propagation by green cuttings is used. At the end of June, when there is already a good growth on the mother plant, green shoots with a length of at least 15 cm are cut off. Two lower leaves are cut off from the cuttings and lowered into the Kornevin solution with their bottom side for 16 hours. Then planted on a prepared bed under the film. While the cuttings are rooting, it is necessary to carefully monitor the soil moisture and timely water and spray. Rooted and grown plants (about 50 cm high) can be transplanted to a permanent place.

Rejuvenation of old sea buckthorn bushes

Picking berries from a short sea buckthorn bush is much easier than reaching for a long top. An overgrown tree will require extensive pruning. As the practice of skilled gardeners shows, this crop not only tolerates pruning perfectly, but also increases productivity. Sea buckthorn is such a plant, useful properties, the planting rules of which you could read in our article.
Every 8-12 years, sea buckthorn should be rejuvenated, that is, cut down under the stump. As a result of this operation, a large number of young shoots will grow from the remaining stump, on which an even larger crop will ripen over time.

Conclusion

So, in the course of this article, we dealt with all the questions that relate to the topic of interest to us - "Sea buckthorn: planting and care." At the beginning, general information about the biological characteristics of this plant was given as an introduction. Do not forget how useful such a berry as sea buckthorn is in winter. Planting, growing, caring for and pruning, however, are processes that must be carried out with knowledge and real positive experience in this business. Analysis of the topic "Sea buckthorn: planting seedlings and reproduction" required us to take an integrated approach to this process. In any case, now, after reading this article, you have at least an idea of ​​​​what needs to be done.

Sea buckthorn is a rather unusual plant for most gardens. Many gardeners do not perceive it as a fruit crop. At the same time, this amazing, juicy berry should not be underestimated: sea buckthorn contains just a unique set of useful substances. Just 100 g of berries or sea buckthorn juice is enough for the body to receive the daily norm of almost all the necessary substances.

In addition to useful properties, sea buckthorn is also very beautiful. During the ripening of berries, this plant is the best decoration of the garden. Bright orange fruits, densely sticking to the branches, are very colorful and create a pleasant autumn atmosphere.

Sea buckthorn bush with fruits

How to grow this wonderful berry crop in your area? An important step in growing sea buckthorn is competent planting. It is she who is the key to good tree health and the reason for abundant harvests. In this article, we will look at how to plant sea buckthorn correctly.

Selection of male and female specimens of sea buckthorn

Sea buckthorn is a dioecious plant pollinated by the wind. This means that there should be female and male specimens of sea buckthorn in the garden. You can determine the sex of sea buckthorn by its buds before they bloom, in spring, autumn or winter. This is especially true for the male plant, because the female plant is easy to identify in the summer by its flowers and fruits. You can choose male and female varieties of sea buckthorn in our directory .

Planted male and female representatives close enough to each other. Distances within 5-10 m are sufficient for good pollination.

One male specimen can pollinate 4-5 female sea buckthorn plants at once. However, it is better to plant two male plants.

If there is very little space in your garden, then both male plants can be planted close to each other - at a distance of 30-50 cm.

Choosing a place for planting sea buckthorn

Since sea buckthorn is a photophilous and moisture-loving plant, the optimal place for planting is a sunny elevated area, not shaded by other plants.

In addition, sea buckthorn should be planted at the greatest distance from the tillage zones - it is recommended to indent from other plants at least 2 m. The reason for this is the shallow occurrence of roots - 15-20 from the surface of the earth. Digging the soil next to sea buckthorn can lead to poor fruiting and the appearance of shoots in places where the root system of the plant is damaged.

sea ​​buckthorn fruits

When is it better to plant sea buckthorn - in spring or autumn

The best time for planting sea buckthorn seedlings is considered to be early spring, when the plant is at rest - until the sap flow begins and the buds begin to swell. For planting in the spring, seedlings with both closed and open root systems are suitable.

Autumn planting is also acceptable for culture. In autumn, sea buckthorn is planted with a closed root system (in containers) after the end of leaf fall and at a comfortable temperature of +4 degrees.

Pros of planting sea buckthorn in spring

• root system manages to fully recover ,
• since the seat is prepared in advance - in the fall, pit with fertilizers manages to insist , which positively affects the future harvest,
• during the spring planting of sea buckthorn the first harvest can be harvested a year earlier than with autumn planting,
• easierselect plants , which are difficult to take root in order to give the necessary additional care in time.

Pros of planting sea buckthorn in the fall

• much less time to care after landing,
• trees planted in autumn 2-3 weeks earlier start to grow than those planted in spring,
• autumn easy to determine the quality of seedlings by foliage and other criteria,
• autumn sales allow you to save your budget.

Step by step instructions on how to plant sea buckthorn

Planting sea buckthorn in the spring is not much different from planting other fruit crops, the difference is only in the rate of fertilizers. Sea buckthorn does not like too nutritious soils, so when planting, the main thing is not to overdo it with mineral and organic nutrition.

1. First, prepare the landing pit. Its size should be 35-40 cm deep and 40-50 cm in diameter. Regardless of the time of planting, the pit is prepared in advance: during spring planting it is prepared in the fall, during autumn planting - in 3 weeks.

2. Top and bottom layers of soil fold separately .

3. To the center of the hole drive in a peg for a garter.

4. seedlings with open root system preparing - soak in a solution of Kornevin, Heteroauxin or other root system stimulants.

5. We fill the bottom of the pit nutritious soil mixture: 1 bucket of humus or compost, 30-50 g of double superphosphate and 15-30 g of potash fertilizers are added to the soil from the top layer (calculation for 1 plant).

6. Further form a mound from the top layer of soil, carefully straighten the roots and cover with soil, periodically spilling the pit with water. Watering should be plentiful - to the point of dirt. This will ensure a tight fit of the soil to the root system.

8. We form a circular hole around the seedling, again carefully pour 2 buckets of water and mulch the hole with peat, straw or old sawdust.

9. We tie up sea buckthorn to the peg.

Sea buckthorn planting scheme

Summer residents often refuse to grow a medicinal shrub, famous for its unique healing properties. Having planted a twig taken from neighbors and grown a wild variety, they are disappointed in it. Repels the excessive "thorniness" of the branches, an excessive amount of overgrowth, which is difficult to deal with on the site. Cultivation would be greatly simplified if a varietal zoned crop was initially chosen.
Breeders working to improve the properties of sea buckthorn have long bred not so prickly varieties, the care of which is much easier.

Sea buckthorn varieties

There are two known types of sea buckthorn: willow (common in China, India, Bhutan), and buckthorn (grown in Europe). There are a lot of sorts. All varieties are non-capricious to growing conditions, slightly susceptible to diseases, picky in care.
Tree-like shrubs bear fruit, mainly from August to September. The timing varies, depending on the area where the plant grows. They differ in shape (tree or bush, which depends on the formation in the initial period of culture development), height, color of berries. Among the well-established and popular varieties, we present the best.

Moscow beauty

Medium-yielding table variety of sea buckthorn. The berries are colored orange, sweet and sour in taste, reach a weight of 1 gram. Low shrub - up to 2.5 meters in height. The spikes are not very pronounced.

Chuiskaya

The Chuyskaya tree grows up to 4 meters tall. Berries are orange, sweet, weighing up to 1 gr. On the shoots are small thorns.

Krasnoplodnaya

The tree is low. The berries are reddish, sweet, with sourness. They have a high content of carotenoids, as evidenced by the color of the berries. Resistant to infectious diseases.

The culture originally grew in the southern latitudes, on the seashore. He loves the sun very much, lack of lighting can lead to the death of the plant. In addition, the main number of berries is formed at the tops of the shoots, as they are better lit.
Therefore, for planting choose a sunny, windless, tree-shaded side of the site.

Proper planting of sea buckthorn in autumn and spring: we determine the timing

The best time to plant sea buckthorn is spring (late March-early April) for a number of reasons:

• The growing season of the plant has not yet begun, the soil is moist.
• There will be enough time for the tree to take root and grow stronger before the onset of cold weather.
• The berry will begin to bear fruit earlier.

Most summer residents find it difficult to plant trees in early spring.
Autumn planting is also possible, the time for which is best limited to the beginning of October.

• In autumn, the assortment of seedlings of the culture is wide, you can choose the appropriate variety, evaluate its appearance, fruits.
• When planting in the fall there will be no problem with watering.
• The adaptation of the culture occurs in less time, and the plant may not have time to get stronger enough, to prepare for the winter cold, temperature changes from thaw to frost.

Landing operations should take place at a temperature not lower than plus 4 degrees. Planted when the leaves have already fallen.

What to do if you missed the planting time in the fall? In such cases, at the highest point of the site, a ditch is dug about half a meter deep, the plant is placed in it with the crown to the south and sprinkled with earth, leaving the tops of the branches outside, watered abundantly, covered with branches, spruce branches to protect against rodents.

Please note: during the process, the seedlings should not be intertwined with roots. After a snowfall, snow is thrown onto the moat and the cover is compacted. So keep the planting material until the right period.

Selection and preparation of soil and seedlings for cultivation

The best growing conditions for shrubs are sandy loamy soil, loam; neutral, alkaline soil.
What if the soil is heavy or acidic?

• Hydrated lime is used to neutralize acidic soil (half a kilogram per square meter).
• You can improve heavy loamy soil by adding coarse sand, humus, superphosphate (a glass), potassium salt (2 tablespoons).

Despite the fact that the plant loves moisture, excessive waterlogging is also not welcome. The occurrence of groundwater in the selected area should be at least 2-3 meters. On wet soil organize a drainage system.
On sandy soils, when moisture is quickly absorbed, the high-lying roots of the plant will feel a lack of it. When planting, they improve the structure of the soil.
Carefully choose a seedling for planting. They turn to well-known, proven nurseries.
When choosing planting material are guided by factors:

1. Zoning. Sea buckthorn has a short dormant period. Already in the first winter months, she strives for awakening. Therefore, a non-distributed variety may not have time to adapt to conditions that do not correspond to its characteristics.
2. For planting take a varietal plant, preferably a two-year-old. A grafted tree will definitely inherit maternal qualities, unlike a shoot or a seedling grown from seeds.
3. A good seedling with a height of 35-50 cm has 3 root shoots. The stem is not thin - a diameter of 0.6 cm. The bark is elastic, without spots.
4. The root system should be well developed, have no signs of disease, mechanical damage. There may be small nodules on the roots.
5. The fragile roots of the seedling are easily damaged. When choosing an instance for planting, experts advise opting for trees with a closed root system - in the ground. Planting such a plant will be the safest.
6. In addition to the female species, a male pollinator is chosen, since the culture is dioecious. How to independently determine the sex of sea buckthorn? Male type with large buds with 5-7 scales. Female: kidneys oblong, scales 2-3. During the growing season, the female species can be determined by the presence of fruits.
7. In case of shortage of space, a male variety is grafted onto a female one. Popular for pollination varieties Aley, Gnome, Dear friend.

Before planting, the foliage is removed from the seedling (concerns the autumn procedure) or part.
Immerse the root system in a clay mash. Dip the roots in water for 2-3 hours.

Features of planting sea buckthorn

A shrub with fragile roots is planted immediately in a permanent place. Experienced gardeners recommend paying attention to some features of planting a plant:

1. Tubers-growths may be present on the roots. They are characteristic of the culture, designed for better absorption of nitrogen. When landing, they are not removed.
2. The root system of an adult sea buckthorn is sprawling, reaches several meters in diameter, regardless of the crown. It is located high to the soil surface, at a depth of 30-40 cm, so there should be no trees nearby.
3. It is convenient to plant a shrub near the fence, on the edge of the site.
4. A male bush is planted in the center in a group of female ones. If a row of trees: on the leeward side of the male, then the female.

The root collar during planting is not lower than the ground level.

How to plant in open ground. Landing pattern

The landing pit is prepared one month before the procedure. The distance between seedlings retreat at least 2.5 meters. From the border of the site 2 meters, from buildings 3 meters.
The size of the pit is approximately 40x40 cm, depending on the branching of the roots of the seedling. Depth 40 cm. A drainage layer of 10 cm is placed at the bottom. For it, improvised materials are taken - broken brick, gravel, construction waste. Landing is carried out in the following order:

• First of all, the top fertile layer is removed and set aside separately.
• Then they take out the rest of the earth and also fold it separately.
• Prepare a mixture for planting, which consists of the following components:
  • fertile removed layer of earth,
  • humus - 1 bucket,
  • river sand - 1 bucket,
  • superphosphate - 1 cup,
  • wood ash - 1 cup.
• In a pit from a fertile mixture (2/3 of the pit is poured), a mound is made and a tree is placed vertically, next to it is a peg for tying.
• Fall asleep with part of the prepared mixture, compact a little. Watered (half a bucket of water).
• Top up the soil after the water has been absorbed. Water again abundantly.

Experts do not recommend adding nitrogen fertilizers and lime to the pit: they cause root burns. When planting in autumn, organic matter is not used, as it can weaken the plant's ability to resist, damage the roots.
Mulching is done with peat, sawdust to preserve moisture.

Agrotechnics for caring for new plantings of sea buckthorn includes watering, pruning, loosening and weeding, mulching, top dressing, protection from pests.
Pest control is carried out by gardeners with biological means, as well as with the help of traps, given the special medicinal value of the plant. The use of chemicals is not recommended.
After planting before winter, the plant is carefully covered: they use spruce branches, blankets, film, paper. The tree is tied to a peg so that it does not break under the pressure of the wind.

Watering and loosening

Initially, sea buckthorn grew near the seashore, reservoirs. He loves moisture. Watering is carried out systematically, but without excessive waterlogging of the soil. With a lack of moisture, the leaves and ovary begin to fall off the plant.

Especially regularly watered during flowering, the formation of ovaries, fruit growth, after harvest.
During a dry summer, 3-4 buckets are poured under a bush, during fruiting 4-5.
Loosening is performed after watering and rains. It should not be deep, since the roots are located close to the surface of the earth (by 7 cm). Avoid digging.
When the roots are exposed, they are immediately covered with earth, peat.

Plant nutrition

In the first year of development, the culture is not fed. Then top dressing is applied every year in the spring: compost, humus - organic fertilizers in a bucket to the near-trunk area. In the second half of the growing season, top dressing is applied, which consists of components, per bucket of water:

• urea - 30 gr.
• double superphosphate - 2 tablespoons,
• a spoonful of potassium salt.

Sea buckthorn does not tolerate pruning. The procedure begins to be performed after two years of life, when the bush has taken root well. Pruning is done in early spring before bud break or in late autumn, when the growing season is over, the leaves fall. Some professionals recommend summer pruning.
Consider the advice of professionals:

1. In the initial period of culture development, a crown is formed, cutting off the branches growing inward, incorrectly, dry and diseased branches affected by lichen, broken are sanitized.
2. If there are few young shoots, shorten the trunk by removing excess branches.
3. The crown is formed up to 4-5 years of plant development. Remove shoots that grow parallel to the trunk, extra fruitful shoots to regulate the yield.
4. The cut points are lubricated with garden pitch or compounds presented in specialized stores. The places affected by the fungus are treated with antiseptics.
5. In an 8-year-old tree, shoots older than 3 years are removed.
6. Produce rejuvenating pruning old trees 8-10 years of age.
7. When rejuvenating pruning of trees older than 10 years, all branches are cut down. Young shoots will sprout from the cut stump.

Systematically remove root shoots closer to the root and deep in the ground.

Sea buckthorn: harvesting

The fruits of the culture ripen in late August - early September. They do not fall off, they can hold out until frost. Therefore, the collection period can be chosen, focusing on the weather and on the free time of summer residents. When fully ripe, the berries are well separated in early October.
At maturity, the fruits acquire a rich color. Ripe berries are not hard, but not too soft, sweet-sour.
Collect them in the morning or evening. Before cleaning, experts advise washing the branches.
For the most efficient picking of berries, a box on a belt with a solid plywood bottom is used. Adjust the length of the belt to fit your height so that the tray is at waist level.
For collection, a metal scraper bent from a wire is used. It is twisted like a spring for a wooden clothespin. With the help of a scraper, holding a twig with one hand, they scrape the berries into the tray. Rubber gloves and an apron are used to protect against juice.

Other devices for picking berries: comb, cobra - a handle with a wire loop, a tube attached to the container, the diameter of which is slightly larger than the berry. Swipe the tube along the branch, picking up the berries that fall into the container.
After harvesting, leaves are selected from the harvested crop.
Please note: during the ripening period, birds begin to be interested in berries. Cover the plant with netting to keep birds out.

Weed control

Weeds are harvested regularly, especially in the first time after planting. Without getting enough light and nutrition, a tree overgrown with weeds may die. Combine weeding with loosening.
You can reduce the number of weeds by covering the near-stem circle with a dark plastic wrap. Remove it from time to time to control moisture stagnation.

How to transplant: simple rules for transplanting shrubs

An adult plant is not transplanted, since the roots are significantly damaged and there is a high risk of death of the tree. If it is necessary to transplant, do the procedure at the age of 2-3 years.
The process of transplanting is no different from a simple planting of a seedling.
Sea buckthorn is attractive for many characteristics. In addition to the therapeutic effect, the planted tree during the fruiting period looks attractive and has a decorative value in the design of the architectural ensemble of the site. Summer residents form a small tree or shrub of their choice. Pickiness to care, resistance to pests play an important role in choosing this crop for planting on the site.