The floor is one of the important elements of the building. There is a wide variety of finishing flooring, one of which is the floorboard, its sizes are made in various sizes.
It is necessary to select material depending on the functional purpose of the room and the patency of people.
The optimal thickness of the floorboard for private housing construction is from 35 to 45 mm, depending on the load on the floor. Let's consider how to choose the right size of the floorboard and the type of wood for a high-quality coating.
Batten
The regular board is wetter than the euro version This is a wood material designed for rough and finish flooring. It is made from solid wood or by gluing several boards, visually looks like a milled board.
A regular and euroboard is produced, produced according to a special technology on European equipment.
Euro material has a lower moisture content, higher requirements are imposed on it: there should be no blue spots, rotten knots, core, holes.
The material produced according to European technology has a smooth surface, is well polished, and due to its advantages has a higher cost.
From array
Tongue and groove create a strong connection during installation It joins together in a lock connection: on one side there is a comb, on the other - a groove. Such a connection gives the coating additional strength, even slightly dried out boards will have a beautiful appearance.
The optimal shape of the comb is a cone, it is easy to work with such a lock, even if a long material of 5-6 m is used.
If the spike is made in the shape of a rectangle, even with a slight curvature of the material, it is problematic to join it into a groove so that the boards lie close to each other.
Pieces look less aesthetically pleasing than whole boards Sometimes it is necessary to cut boards to a length of less than 3 m in order to complete their connection. A floor covering assembled from pieces looks much worse than from solid parts.
Another type of locking connection is a material with a quarter: one board is cut ½ of the width from the top, the other from the bottom. A floor made of such material looks beautiful and is distinguished by the easiest installation.
More rarely, material with edges beveled at an angle of 45 degrees is used, although such a coating looks no worse than other types and is quite easy to install.
For a rough coating, an ordinary edged board is suitable, it is laid right next to each other and fastened with nails. In baths, it is used for finishing floors.
According to the standard, the presence of knots, bluish spots and resin is possible in a board made of solid wood. The euroboard has ventilation grooves, thanks to which the life of the wood is extended.
glued board
Glued board does not lose integrity for a long time It is produced by gluing several boards under pressure, their fibers are positioned so that the material does not lose its geometry over a long service life.
Such material is guaranteed not to dry out, and the floor will remain flat. The manufacturing technology is labor-intensive, due to this, glued wood has a high cost.
Laying the log under the finger jointed wood should be carried out in increments of 400 mm.
Terrace board
It has a wavy upper surface. It is most often used in rooms where the floor is often wet: baths, rooms with bathrooms and a swimming pool.
It is more difficult to slip on a relief wet surface than on a flat board.
The board is selected depending on whether it will be used for the rough or finish coating device. Before you go shopping, you need to decide which type of wood is most suitable for this type of work, and what dimensions the floorboard should have.
The service life of the coating will depend on the correct choice of the floorboard and its dimensions, because it accounts for the bulk of the load.
Board selection scheme:
| Board thickness, mm | Distance between lags, mm | Cross-section of a bar for a log, mm | Room length, m |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20 | 300 | 110x60 | 2 |
| 25 | 400 | 150x80 | 3 |
| 30 | 500 | 180x100 | 4 |
| 35 | 600 | 200x150 | 5 |
| 40 | 700 | 220x180 | 6 |
| 45 | 800 | ||
| 50 | 900 |
The length must be selected based on the fact that there is a minimum number of joints and waste in the form of scraps of material.
The thickness of the board for a country house should be at least 35 - 50mm The optimal thickness of boards for flooring in a country house is 35-50 mm, a floor board with a thickness of 50 to 70 mm will be the best option for floors in gyms and rooms with high traffic.
The width of the floorboard should be taken with a margin, taking into account the fact that the floor is periodically polished to update the appearance.
Wide boards tend to lose their shape faster than narrower material.
board quality
Wood, depending on the quality requirements, is divided into the following classes:
| № | Class | quality requirements |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Extra | It has a smooth front surface without defects and knots. |
| 2 | BUT | It has a smooth surface without a core, fallen knots, cracks, chips. The content of knots located no more than 150 cm apart, small blue spots, 2 small surface cracks and the presence of resin is allowed. |
| 3 | AT | 4 knots per 150 cm, 2 surface cracks, slight surface damage and resin are allowed. |
| 4 | FROM | Belongs to the lowest class, may contain 2 knots, surface cracks, contrasting stripes, blue, mechanical damage. |
Wood species
Before you purchase material for flooring made of natural material, you need to study its properties and choose the material that is optimally suitable for the operating conditions.
Types of wood:
| № | wood species | Characteristics |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | coniferous trees | The most in demand, as they have the best price-quality ratio. Pine and spruce contain a large amount of resins that protect the material from destruction under the influence of moisture and protect against the formation of mold, as they are a natural antiseptic. Fir requires treatment with antiseptic agents, as it contains an insufficient amount of resin in its composition. Conifers emit a pleasant smell into the air, which has a beneficial effect on the human respiratory system. This material has good vapor permeability, which allows you to maintain a normal level of humidity in the room. |
| 2 | Aspen and alder | They do not have a significant service life, they have insufficient strength. But they have a positive effect on human health, as they release useful tannins. Most often used for floors in children's rooms, baths and private saunas. Not suitable for installation in rooms with high traffic and high loads. |
| 3 | Linden | Requires treatment with an antiseptic, as the wood has insufficient strength and is prone to the formation of fungi and decay. It is inexpensive, retains heat well in the room, emits a fragrant smell, has a beautiful structure. |
| 4 | Cedar | It has a very beautiful structure, has high strength and resistance to high humidity. In addition, the essential oils that make up wood have a beneficial effect on health and help maintain a healthy microclimate in the room. This type of wood has a high cost, but pays off due to its unique qualities. |
| 5 | Siberian larch | It has 12 shades, has high strength and durability. Larch is resistant to moisture, is not subject to rotting and mold. It emits aromas into the air that have antiseptic properties, thanks to which a healthy climate in the house is maintained. |
| 6 | Oak | It has long been famous for its durability and long service life. The material under the influence of moisture does not lose its properties, is not subject to putrefactive processes and the formation of fungal infections. It has high rates of heat saving and sound insulation. It has a high cost, but due to durability it pays off in the process of use. |
Determine how many boards per 1 cube
When buying floorboards, take the material with a margin All lumber is sold in cubes. To calculate the amount of material per 1 cubic meter, you need to calculate the volume of one board. To do this, you need to multiply the dimensions of the purchased lumber: width * thickness * length.
Let's say we use material 35 X 100 X 6000 mm. We translate the data into meters: 35 mm = 0.35 m, 100 mm = 0.1 m, 6000 mm = 6 m.
We find the volume of the board: 0.035 * 0.1 * 6 \u003d 0.021 cubic meters. m.
We determine how much material is in a cube: 1 cube: 0.021 cube \u003d 47.62 pcs.
Table of the amount of standard lumber in 1 cube:
| The size | The volume of one board | Number of pieces in a cube with a length of 6 m |
|---|---|---|
| 25 x 100 | 0,015 | 66,6 |
| 25 x 150 | 0,0225 | 44,4 |
| 25 x 200 | 0,03 | 33,3 |
| 40 x 100 | 0,024 | 41,6 |
| 40 x 150 | 0,036 | 27,7 |
| 40 x 200 | 0,048 | 20,8 |
| 50 x 50 | 0,015 | 66,6 |
Usually, when shipping, the number of boards in a cube is rounded down. It is recommended to purchase the material with a margin of 15-30%, since a certain amount of material may go to waste.
In addition, over time, it may be necessary to replace some board, and material from another batch may not be suitable.
Uncured material will begin to crack and warp. Humidity for the floor board in the house should be no more than 12-14%. A board for use in the bath can be purchased with an average humidity level of 20-25%.
If well-dried lumber is used in a humid environment, it may swell in high humidity conditions, causing warping of the flooring.
You should not buy wet lumber in the hope that it will dry out before installation. Improper drying leads to deformation of the wood. Drying should be carried out in special chambers at a certain temperature and drying time.
The best quality will be the material collected in the autumn-winter period. The more resin and tannins in the composition, the less susceptible the material is to deformation. For information on how to determine the moisture content of wood, see this video:
You can check the moisture level yourself with a wood moisture meter.
What to look for when choosing
When buying, check the evenness of the edges of the board Floor installation is an important step in construction, so the choice of material must be approached responsibly.
How to choose the right board:
- First you need to check the correspondence of geometric parameters: the edges must be even and the thickness along the entire length must be the same.
- On tongue-and-groove lumber, we pay attention to well-made elements of the interlock: the groove should be deeper than the ridge in height. If the ridge is larger than the groove, it will not work to join the floor boards without the formation of gaps. How to choose a floorboard, see this video:
Looking at the end of the material, you can immediately see if there are any flaws. Before buying, it is recommended to selectively check several boards for high-quality docking with each other.
Properly selected material guarantees the life of a wooden floor 30-50 years.
