Laying the floor during the construction of a private house is an extremely important and crucial stage, since the humidity and temperature in the room, which should be comfortable, depend on it. A properly arranged wooden floor in a private house will retain heat and withstand any daily load, so you should not save a lot on floor materials, spending 20-25% of the total budget is considered normal.
Types of floor structures
With all the variety of projects, in private houses there are not very many options for flooring:
- Wooden floors;
- Floors on a concrete base;
- Combined floors with wooden flooring on a concrete pad.
Often the owners of a private building try to make a basement that performs several functions at once:
- ventilation under the floor in a residential area;
- an increase in the usable area in the basement, which can be used for technical purposes to install a heating boiler or water pumping station;
- creating conditions for storing seasonal preparations and vegetables due to the constant cool air temperature in the basement.
Many try to make a carpentry workshop or a sports department in the basement with the installation of horizontal bars and exercise equipment. The quality of the floors in the basement will provide a warm, dry microclimate, which will have a beneficial effect on the well-being of the inhabitants of the house. Before starting laying the foundation on black soil, measurements of the groundwater level should be made to avoid spring leakage in the basement.
Wooden floors are mounted in a single or two-layer form, when at first it is customary to make a rough insulated base, and lay finishing boards on top. Single floors are only suitable for use in warm weather, so they are best done in summer cottages where year-round living is not provided. In order for wooden floors to serve for a long time and without complaints, it is necessary to make a high-quality base. To begin with, the soil platform is leveled and, at a certain interval, support columns made of bricks and fastened with cement mortar are raised. Brick columns are covered with a waterproofing agent in several layers, for example, roofing material, and beams are laid on them, and then logs (cross beams), on which boards are laid.
Two-layer floors with insulation can be made using the following technology shown in the video:
- lay the beams on brick supports and fix them with corners and self-tapping screws;
- lay draft floors on the beams, for which non-grade coniferous boards are useful, which are fixed with self-tapping screws;
- it is possible to isolate the draft floors from moisture penetration with a plastic film, the fabric of which is overlapped and the edges are glued with adhesive tape;
- lay the beams and fill the space between them with insulation (expanded clay, mineral wool);
- install finishing floors and final floor coverings, including parquet, laminate, linoleum, carpet, ceramic tiles.
For laying the floor, you can use tongue-and-groove boards that adhere tightly and leave almost no gaps. Finishing floor boards should be laid perpendicular to the subfloor boards. A shortened tongue-and-groove board is called a massive parquet board, which can be laid obliquely diagonally, giving the room a catchy, individual character.
Important! All wooden elements must be impregnated with antifungal antiseptics and fire retardants (refractory agents). This must be done to protect the tree and extend its life.
Concrete floor installation
Concrete floors without wooden flooring are practically not made in private houses; in the southern climatic zone, the concrete base is covered with wooden flooring without insulation. As shown in the video, floors on a concrete base are recommended to be done by following these steps:
- level the soil and pour a layer of sand 10-15 cm high, which must be spilled with water and compacted;
- pour crushed stone of medium fraction 10 cm high on top of the soil with sand and also tamp;
- make a rough concrete screed, you can add expanded clay or foam chips;
- lay a layer of waterproofing, for which you can use plastic wrap or roofing felt;
- distribute a layer of insulation - expanded clay or extruded polystyrene foam;
- lay out a metal reinforcing mesh, which is poured with a finishing screed;
- make wooden floors using beams and boards;
- lay flooring.
Making concrete floors with a wooden coating is much longer and more expensive, but it pays for itself with a long service life without repair. Instead of a fine concrete screed and laying floorboards, you can use the dry screed technology, for which you need to make guide bars sprinkled with insulation and plywood sheets, fiberboard (fibreboard), chipboard (chipboard), GVL (gypsum fiber sheets), GKL (plasterboard sheets), MDF, OSB. All of these materials are durable, easy to cut and hold fasteners well, any floor covering can be laid on top of them. This technique allows you to significantly reduce the cost of building materials and the time spent on finishing the floor.
When installing floors in the basement, the owners are especially concerned about how to protect it from the effects of freezing soil and high humidity. The best solution may be to pour a monolithic slab at the foundation stage from scratch, which is described in detail in the video.
A monolithic tiled foundation is an indispensable option when building a private house on a site with “difficult” soils prone to flow and displacement. These factors do not affect the position of the monolithic tiled foundation at all, and, therefore, the walls of the house will not be deformed either. When laying such a foundation, it immediately turns out to make a reliable floor base, on which you can lay beams with insulation and boards or any sheet material.
An even more promising way to make a monolithic foundation is to order the laying of a factory-made reinforced concrete hollow core slab, which will give the entire structure unbreakable strength. These slabs are made of concrete with embedded iron reinforcement and longitudinal rounded voids run through them.
Important! Reinforced concrete slabs are adapted to withstand almost any load and are combined with a variety of materials for building walls around a private house.
Before placing a reinforced concrete slab at the base of the basement or basement, it is necessary to level the ground and make a low formwork for a thin concrete screed in order to obtain a flat horizontal surface. The joints between the slabs are filled with cement mortar and wooden floors can be laid on the surface of reinforced concrete slabs.
It is better to carry out all calculations not by yourself, but to entrust a specialist designer, since even a slight bias or non-compliance with technological standards can lead to irreparable consequences. For example, when installing floors in a private house with an area of \u200b\u200bmore than 100 square meters. m. conventional pouring will take a lot of time and financial costs will significantly exceed the cost of delivery of reinforced concrete slabs.
Floating floor system
The device of the interfloor ceiling must necessarily meet the increased requirements of sound insulation so that music or laughter on the second floor does not interfere with the inhabitants of the house on the first. Both airborne and impact noises (jumps and falls) are transmitted through the ceiling to neighboring rooms and can cause discomfort. To avoid this, you can make a design according to the "floating floors" system, which have a multilayer structure, but do not come into contact with the walls, so they absorb sound waves better.
