An even and reliable floor in a private house or cottage is a guarantee of warmth and comfort in the building all year round. Often at the stage of building a private house, the owners are faced with the problem of choosing a floor device. Therefore, in our material we will tell you how to make one or another type of floor with your own hands. In this case, we will understand the pros and cons of each of the device options. For clarity, we also offer a video.
Floors: types
Basically, when building a private house or a country cottage, the following types of flooring are most often used:
- Wooden floor on logs on the ground;
- Wooden floor on supporting bollards;
- Wooden floor on cement screed;
- Concrete floor;
- Dry screed.
The advantages of a wooden floor are that such a coating is completely environmentally friendly and keeps heat well. But at the same time, the tree requires high-quality waterproofing. Otherwise, over time, even logs made of larch or teak will require replacement.
Concrete flooring is considered one of the strongest and most durable. And the solidity of the coating does not allow all kinds of living microorganisms to enter the house. However, concrete is a fairly cold material. Therefore, when installing such a floor, additional insulation will be required. Yes, and you need to align it carefully.
Dry screed floors - a new solution in the world of building technology. Such material perfectly insulates the room and allows you to lay any coating on top.
Important: when installing any type of floor, it is necessary to carefully align all the layers of the “pie”, otherwise the floor will turn out to be skewed.
Wooden floor on logs on the ground
Such a floor in a private house or cottage is arranged with their own hands if they prefer wood. And to make such a floor is not at all difficult.
- So, if we arrange a floor at home on logs on the ground, then first we will have to carefully prepare the foundation. To do this, you will have to remove the top layer of turf to a depth of 5-7 cm around the entire perimeter and replace it with a layer of sand. The sand is well leveled and rammed.
- A layer of fine gravel 10 cm thick is poured over the sand. It also needs to be well leveled and compacted.
- A layer of vapor barrier is laid on top of such layers of the cake. It can be just oilcloth, and roofing material, and a membrane.
Important: the joints of the material of our cake must be well fastened with adhesive tape, and the edges of the waterproofing must be thrown onto the walls of the foundation.
- Now you can lay logs in increments of 60-80 cm. At the same time, a gap of 2-3 cm must be made between the walls of the foundation so that the wood can expand freely. We fix the lags to the foundation walls with the help of special guide plates. If you need to slightly raise the logs, then they can be placed on special racks that can be adjusted in height. Under them, you will need to make special holes in the wood.
- If you plan to make a capital warm wooden floor from boards, then heat-insulating material must be laid between the lags. These can be mineral wool slabs, simple expanded clay or expanded polystyrene. Such thermal insulation must be laid in the free space between the lags. We get a kind of construction cake.
- On top of the support bars we fasten the black floor boards. You can also just make an additional crate, on which you can later put the finishing floor covering.
Important: when installing any wooden coating, it is imperative to make small gaps between the walls and the edged board. This allows the tree to expand freely under the influence of temperature changes.
Wooden floor on bollards
With your own hands in the country or in a private cottage, you can also make a wooden floor on the logs, which will rest against the supporting pedestals. They do this if it is necessary to raise the floor, level it, or simply the area of \u200b\u200bthe room is large enough. In this case, even the guide plates will not be able to withstand the load that will be placed on the wooden floor from the boards.
- In order to make the floor on the supporting pedestals, it is necessary to prepare the base. To do this, you need to dig holes in the ground for support pillars. They are made at a distance of 100-120 cm from each other. At the same time, the cabinets closest to the wall should be placed at a distance of 40 cm from the walls of the foundation.
- The depth of the pits should be 40 - 50 cm. Pour a layer of sand 10 cm into the recesses and level it well. After that, we ram the sand.
- On top of the sand we pour a layer of rubble and also level it. Then we tram. We put a piece of roofing material on top of the rubble. Such a cake is required when building a foundation.
- We insert metal rods into the pit and fill it with concrete mortar to a height of 30-40 cm. And so that the solution does not spread, we first form the formwork.
- After the foundation has set well, you can lay out the brickwork to the desired height.
Important: at all stages of the construction of columns, it is necessary to level them. Otherwise, the floor will be skewed. In addition, it is worth considering that the pillars must have a cross section of at least 50x50 cm.
- We mount special fasteners in the columns, on which we will fasten logs from edged timber.
- Roofing material is laid on the cabinets for reliable waterproofing of the tree. Otherwise, without this layer of the pie, in a few years you will have to replace the lag.
- The bars are attached to the poles with the help of special studs and holes made in the tree for them. Or with the help of special plates.
Important: if the log length is not enough for one span, then the beams are made of edged wood. In this case, you need to ensure that the joints of the two logs meet on the central pedestal and go 15-20 cm behind each other. And do not forget about the space around the support pillars. It is better to fill it with expanded clay with a layer up to 15 cm. At the same time, the layer of such a pie must be carefully leveled with your own hands.
If the finish coating (edged board or lining) is in one layer, then the subfloor must be covered with expanded clay completely flush with the logs. If a draft floor is also planned, then you can leave the insulation in this state, and lay boards of the second or third grade on top.
Screed wooden floor
- First of all, you need to level the base well if there are differences in height. This can be done with a self-levelling compound.
- Next, you need to make a layer of waterproofing by laying roofing felt or oilcloth on the floor. In this case, it is desirable to drive the edges of the material onto the walls.
- We mark the floor with stripes for laying the log. The distance must be made at least 60 cm. Sometimes it can be 80 cm if the room is small.
- In the planned strips, three pieces for each, we mount the studs that will hold the wooden log boards.
- Holes need to be drilled in the wood for the studs.
- We install the logs on the studs and align in height. The latch locks must be pulled to the desired level and removed into the hole in the tree. We cut the edges of the studs with a grinder.
Important: do not forget to make gaps between the edges of the beams and the wall. This will allow the tree to expand freely and not deform. Otherwise, over time, it will be necessary to replace the curved beams and floor.
- The space between the support beams is covered with insulation (expanded clay, mineral wool, expanded polystyrene).
- On top of the logs, they mount a finishing coating from a sanded board or make a rough floor from plywood sheets. Subsequently, it is already possible to lay any floor covering on it.
Concrete floor
- In a private house around the entire perimeter (living rooms, kitchen and utility rooms), soil 5 cm thick is removed. The base is well leveled and rammed, slightly moistened with water.
- A layer of sand is poured on top, which is also slightly moistened and rammed. Let the cake layers dry.
- Now you can pour a rough screed mixed with gravel or expanded clay instead of sand. It is poured on the sand and leveled well. Let dry completely.
- A waterproofing layer is laid on the rough screed. It is better if it is roofing material, but 250 micron oilcloth can also be used. All joints are connected with adhesive tape, and the edges of the coating are thrown onto the walls of the foundation.
- To insulate the floor in all rooms, including the kitchen, it is necessary to lay a heater (expanded clay or extruded polystyrene foam).
- After this layer of the cake, reinforcement is laid on the floor and a finishing screed device is made. It is leveled according to the installed beacons and dried for at least a month.
Important: on a screed arranged in this way in a cottage, you can make any floors from wooden boards to laminated panels.
