The arrangement of floors in a wooden house, unlike a stone building, has its own characteristics. This is due to the use of beam slabs in them, and not reinforced concrete slabs. The design in this case includes several layers: insulating layers, a finished floor with a finish coat. Such floors are usually made on logs or on the first floors, in the absence of a foundation, on pillars. The finishing coating device also has its own nuances in a wooden house.
Wooden floors are available in one or two layers. Finishing single-layer structures are made on logs or without them. In the first case, the flooring of the finishing floor boards can be carried out in the house directly on the beams, if their pitch does not exceed 600 mm.
The two-layer construction includes a rough base device, on which thermal insulation is laid with a small clearance, and a finishing layer is placed on top. The draft floor is a kind of rigidity frame and the basis for mounting the rest of the "pie" elements. The air gap ensures the preservation of heat in the house and protection of the floor from warping and decay, which protects the floor material from destruction. For the subfloor, it is customary to use boards 15–50 mm thick impregnated with an antiseptic.
Wood Flooring Materials
The finishing flooring is carried out using milled boards with air vents on the reverse side, which are necessary for natural air circulation. In the absence of such material, tongue-and-groove folded boards can be selected, but since there are no vents in them, attention must be paid to their fit on the logs.
Advice! The boards should be laid along the annual rings - they must be oriented in different directions.
In some cases, in a wooden house, concrete floors are made on the ground. In this case, a cement-sand screed is used as a clean floor for laying the floor covering. Additionally, it can accommodate a system of warm water floor.
Choice of floor finish
The material for the top layer of the structure is selected based on the functional purpose of the room and its design solution:
- The floor of larch, cedar, pine boards is most often used in a wooden house. Such a finishing coating is environmentally friendly, warm and in perfect harmony with the material of the rest of the structures of the building.
- Its device is made directly on the logs or beams. Additional popular decoration of the wooden floor is “aging”, tinting, oil coating.
- Parquet is a fine flooring made of individual planks of hardwood, including valuable species.
- Cork material made from tree bark.
- Finishing flooring from fiberboard and chipboard.
- Linoleum is a budget and practical option for any room.
- Laminate is a budget alternative to natural wood flooring.
- A finished plywood floor is usually used in rooms where there is no active movement of people. But from this material, masters also create real works of art that are not inferior to palace parquet.
- In this case, only first grade plywood with a sanded front side is required.
- Ceramic tiles for finishing floors - such flooring is necessary in rooms with high humidity (bathroom, bathroom).
- A self-leveling floor is an unconventional and very modern solution in a residential building, which can now be used more often in the conditions of building renovation.
The device of some finishing floors in the house, for example, from ceramic tiles, requires, according to its technology, that a cement-sand screed has been previously made. In this case, experts recommend dismantling the boards of the existing flooring in the house and filling all the voids between the lags with heat-insulating material, for example, expanded clay. Further, the screed is arranged on the flooring of cement-bonded particle boards.
In many situations, it is impossible to dismantle an old finished wooden floor for various reasons. In this case, a screed is required, made directly on top of the existing structure. Its device is quite acceptable, and the process itself is not particularly difficult. The screed is made using a special technology and, as a result, it turns out to be unattached to the existing coating.
Preparatory stage - cleaning and priming the surface
To obtain a high-quality coating as a result, special attention must be paid to the materials of its execution.
The best method of protecting structures in a wooden house from fungal infections, mold and rot is a primer. The surface of the existing finished floor is preliminarily cleaned of dirt and debris. Rotten, damaged boards must also be turned over, or replaced with new ones. All cracks found in the finished floor are sealed with putty, and rather large defects are blown out with mounting foam. All seams and joints must be treated with acrylic sealant. After drying all the compositions with which the surface defects are filled, it is again thoroughly cleaned of debris and dust before coating the boards with a moisture-resistant primer.
After the soil, boards have dried, a plastic film is laid on them. It should not have any holes, and the joints between its segments are carefully glued with adhesive tape. The screed can be reinforced with a metal mesh, but it creates an additional load on the ceiling.
With the help of a water or laser level, the required level of the clean floor is set, and beacons from the rails are installed. They must provide the required rigidity of the coating, not bend and be securely held in the required position. Reiki are placed in accordance with the established level on a dense solution so that the distance between them is somewhat smaller than the length of the rule, which is supposed to level the solution. When performing this operation, patience must be shown, since this process is rather laborious and protracted, since the cement composition does not stick to polyethylene.
Filling with mortar
The composition from which the screed is made on a wooden base is no different from the traditional one. The mixture is prepared from M400 cement and sifted sand in a ratio of 1: 3.
If it is planned to install a self-leveling floor on the flooring from the boards, it is recommended to add a modifier-plasticizer to the solution. It can be Plitonit Super, Sika, C3 or their analogues. Another option is to replace the cement mortar with ready-made mixtures, for example, Polerem, Ceresit, Polymin. The use of a plasticizer in this case is not required.
The solution is laid in accordance with the installed beacons-rails. The minimum height of the screed on the flooring from the boards when installing a warm floor is 5 cm. The entire surface must be immediately filled in completely - laying the composition in parts is unacceptable.
From the competent organization of the process of drying the solution directly depends on what quality the screed will be as a result. The composition gains strength only gradually, therefore, in order to prevent it from drying out, it is required to moisten the surface several times a day.
Beacon rails are removed after a few days, and the cavities remaining after them are primed and well rubbed with cement mortar. Then the surface is abundantly watered with water and covered with plastic wrap for 14 days. Excess polyethylene, after the screed is completely dry, is cut off with a knife.
When a floor is being made in a wooden house, especially in conditions of major repairs, a competent floor installation will guarantee the long-term operation of the building and the comfort of living in it.
