A wide range of floor coverings allows you to solve almost any problem in terms of interior design, and special heating systems make it possible to make the flooring comfortable to use. Therefore, it is proposed to consider how the heat of a warm floor is calculated, which acts as an effective method of heating.
With additional heating, even tiles become pleasant to the touch.
Heat transfer to the floor covering can be carried out due to electrical action or a coolant heated to a certain temperature. In this regard, there are two main categories of systems. Classification is also sometimes made depending on the elements used.
Water structures
Warm floors of this type are mainly arranged in private buildings, since it is quite problematic to connect to central heating in apartments. However, when installing a separate boiler, this option is still possible, although it is quite expensive.
The system with a coolant assumes the presence of pipelines and a mixing point for the working fluid. The basic elements are polyethylene or. They can be laid between wooden floor joists or built into a cement-sand screed.
The advantages of such structures:
- high level of security;
- compact placement;
- heating efficiency;
- ease of operation.
Note! It is not allowed to create intermediate connections in the loop. There should be two docking points in total. One of them should be located on the coolant supply, and the other on the return.
Electrical analogues
The operation of the system is based on the principle of heat transfer through an electric current conductor or infrared radiation. It includes, which turns the equipment on and off according to a given program.
There are the following types of basic elements:
- separate cables;
- ready-made mats;
- infrared film.
Useful information! If necessary, the systems can be equipped with a remote control for more comfortable operation. Many manufacturers have developed special modules for this purpose.
Competent calculation of the heat of a warm floor of a water type
The quality of heating will depend on the correctness of the calculations of the heat transfer of the warm floor, so the calculations must be made without fail. The constants will be:
- the temperature of the working environment inside the pipe is 45-50 degrees;
- the temperature regime for comfortable living is 18-22 degrees.
Efficient underfloor heating: calculation of system power
When calculating water-heated floors with your own hands at the preparatory stage, you should determine the basic parameters and purpose of the room, as well as the characteristics of the barrier structures. In this case, the heat loss coefficients of the materials used should be well known.
To calculate the thermal load on each loop of the circuit, the pressure loss, as well as the speed of the working medium, it will be necessary to know a large number of coefficients directly in the exact form. To simplify the calculations, it is proposed to take the power of the system equal to the maximum heat loss.
You can use this formula:
Q = (V* Pt* K)/860 , where:
Q – heat losses;
V - the volume of the room;
Pt – difference between outdoor and indoor temperature;
K - coefficient that determines heat resistance (usually its value varies between 1.5-2).
Note! When calculating the heat of a warm floor, which acts as an additional source of heating, minor errors are unlikely to lead to serious consequences, which cannot be said about the system that performs the functions of the main heating.
Competent calculation of pipes for underfloor heating in a room
After calculating the power, it is necessary to decide on the calculation of the water floor heating pipe. The length of the pipelines will depend on the laying pattern and the distance between the main elements.
When calculating the length, the following formula applies:
L=S/N*1.1 , where:
S - square footage of the room;
N – distance between contours;
1,1 - reserve for turns.
Note! The laying step largely depends on the diameter of the pipe used. Most often, it varies between 15-30 cm. When carrying out work, it is not recommended to go beyond this range.
Calculations for pumping equipment
Having made the calculation of the heat of the warm floor, you can proceed to the calculations necessary to select a pump that can provide optimal movement of the coolant. You can calculate the basic parameters yourself using a special formula:
Q = 0.86*Ph/Th , where:
Q - the volume of the working fluid (cubic m / h);
0,86 is the conversion factor;
Ph - power of one circuit;
Th is the temperature difference between inlet and outlet.
Related article:
.What schemes of heat-insulated floors exist? What are the advantages of each type? Which one is right for you? Read!
The most suitable floor coverings
Underfloor heating can be arranged using various floor coverings. However, for each room, the choice should be made after familiarization with the operational features.
Ceramic tiles are more suitable for bathrooms, as they can withstand exposure to a humid environment. Most often, a screed is poured into which the pipelines or cables of the system are inserted, and tiles are laid on top. In the presence of a tile, it loses its main drawback - a cold surface.
Carrying out work on the installation of underfloor heating in the bathroom
For the kitchen, linoleum can be a good option for finishing the floor. It is often chosen together with an infrared emitter. The elements in this case are placed on top of the screed. They fit, chipboard or. The top is linoleum.
In the same way it is created in combination with a laminate. However, no additional foundation is required. Panels can be mounted on top of the film.
If necessary, you can introduce additional heating directly under the carpet. However, it is better to use it in order to increase the thermal effect. The main disadvantage of the coating is the difficulty in removing contaminants.
What makes up the price
The cost of underfloor heating varies significantly, as there are many options for their device. However, it is necessary to understand what the final price consists of.
For your information! The cost of sets of electrical systems, as a rule, ranges from 2-5 thousand rubles per square meter.
Summarizing
Only the correct calculation of the heat of a warm floor will allow you to create a truly efficient and functional or private home. Errors in calculations can make the design of little use or too energy-intensive.
