The foundation, as the main load-bearing structure of the house, requires special attention at all stages of its construction, from design to thermal and waterproofing. It depends on the latter how long the house will serve you and how comfortable it will be in it. After all, moisture can not only destroy the most durable foundations (steel, concrete, etc.), but also cause pathogenic fungi to appear in the house. How to make the waterproofing of the foundation so that it provides maximum protection against moisture?
Basic Methods
When choosing a set of measures for waterproofing the foundation of a house, a number of conditions should be taken into account:
- the force of "heaving" of the soil;
- groundwater level;
- soil heterogeneity;
- the conditions under which the house will be used.
If the groundwater lies more than 1 meter below the base of the foundation of the house, you will need vertical coating waterproofing of the foundation and horizontal pasting protection using roll materials.
How to waterproof the foundation if groundwater approaches the base of the foundation closer than 1 meter, but rarely reaches the basement level? The set of measures should consist of horizontal coating waterproofing and vertical complex protection, including coating and pasting methods. In addition, it is worth treating all concrete surfaces with penetrating compounds to prevent capillary rise in moisture.
But how to waterproof the foundation when the capillary moisture level is above the base of the foundation and reaches the basement floor and heavy and frequent precipitation is observed on the ground? In this case, a deep and surface drainage device should be added to the previous list.
Foundation horizontal waterproofing technology
The solid (tape) base of the house should be protected from moisture in two directions:
- at the level of the basement floor or below it by 15-20 centimeters;
- at the junction of the foundation and walls, in the area of \u200b\u200bthe base.
Horizontal waterproofing of the foundation of the house is carried out at the stage of its construction. Before proceeding with the construction of the foundation, the bottom of the pit is covered with a layer of clay 20-30 centimeters thick. Soil compaction is in progress. A layer of concrete 5-7 centimeters thick is poured from above. Before waterproofing the foundation, the concrete must be set for 10-15 days, dry well. After that, the concrete surface is covered with hot bituminous mastic, on which rolled waterproofing materials (for example, roofing material) are immediately glued. A layer of concrete up to 7 cm thick is poured on top and carefully leveled. Ironing is carried out - 2-3 hours after the concrete pouring, a layer of cement sifted through a sieve with a thickness of 1-2 centimeters is poured and immediately leveled. It is necessary to give time to the cement to absorb moisture from the concrete screed. Then, from time to time, the resulting structure is watered with water until the screed gains the desired strength.
After the construction of the foundation is completed, it is also waterproofed. For this, bituminous mastic and roofing material are used. It is advisable to repeat the procedure twice. In this case, the edges of the rolled material are wound onto the walls and attached using vertical waterproofing.
Vertical waterproofing of the foundation can be carried out using plastering, painting or impregnating compounds.
The durability and comfort of home operation will depend on how carefully and professionally the waterproofing of the foundation is made.
