Choosing a site for building a house. How to choose the right land for building a country house Which plot to choose for building a house

The first stage of construction is the site. Acquiring a suitable land area on which a building will be built is one of the most complex and risky transactions in real estate. This is due to the need to take into account a significant number of characteristics of the land intended for building a house - in terms of landscape, size, shape. In addition, there are many documents that will need to be checked before the transaction. It is important to understand that even one, seemingly, at first glance, the most insignificant omission can cause the land acquired as a result of an incorrect choice to be unsuitable for use with the planned purpose. In some cases, it will be almost impossible to sell such real estate after an unsuccessful purchase - at least at the cost for which it was purchased.

Choosing a site for building a house is a procedure in which several specialists of different profiles should participate. It is clear that a person who is not related to jurisprudence and the real estate business in principle cannot, by definition, know all the subtleties himself, but he needs to understand the main points that need to be paid attention to in the first place. This is the only way to find land, the acquisition of which will not be regretted later.

The size and shape of the building plot

Regarding determining the size, there is one golden rule - the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe land should be ten times the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe building being built on it

The layout of a large house on a small plot is quite real, but is mainly limited to zdvemks

This is explained by the following points:

Possibility to equip a garden, vegetable garden and necessary outbuildings in the desired distance from the residential building. Simply put, with such an area of ​​the selected land, it will be possible to plan the construction based solely on your own preferences.

It is possible to arrange the building in such a way that there is no visual contact with the neighbors. Especially if the land is located in a hilly area.

Again, in the event that a person does not have a desire to engage in arranging a backyard area, then a smaller area is quite suitable - but in this case, most likely, the building will be located not far from the neighboring one. This must also be taken into account.

The most suitable shape of the land plot is the correct square or rectangular. This will allow you to equip it without any difficulties, frills and additional costs. Of course, a competent designer will help in drawing up a building plan for any option, but in this case everything will be much simpler.

Non-standard layout is associated with non-standard land

Conclusion - it is better to choose the area based on personal preferences. At the same time, of course, given how profitable the land is in terms of price-quality ratio.

Landscape and soil of the site

Landscape and soil characteristics - that's what you need to focus on. It is impossible to say unequivocally that some landscape is definitely better than any other - everywhere there are advantages and disadvantages. The area where the house will be built is determined, first of all, by what kind of view from the window of his home the owner wants to see. And of course, some engineering and technical features that will need to be taken into account during construction.

For a better understanding of the issue, consider some examples of plots:

Regarding the features of the soil - the question, of course, is important, but not fundamental.

If for you the main point in the construction of a country house is the building itself, and not farming on a personal plot, then you should not pay special attention to the characteristics of the soil (unless, of course, we are talking about serious shortcomings like “floating soil” and that similar).

Communications

It is necessary to focus on this, since a lot of people make mistakes in this case - due to inexperience, as a rule. It is necessary to purchase only the site on which all the necessary communications have already been carried out for a normal life in the built house - at least this is electricity and gas. Otherwise, it may turn out that it is not possible to carry out communications to this territory at all. And this happens very often - for example, the village is located on two banks of the river. The cost of land on one side is several times lower than the price of a similar plot on the opposite side - people are in a hurry to purchase this option, paying attention to the "advertising" about "urgent sale". And only after they find out that it cannot be gasified, they realize their mistake.

For maximum distance from people, the option in the field is perfect. One can only dream of communications

It is imperative to clarify the information on how deep the groundwater lies - this determines the cost of drilling a well in order to provide oneself with an independent supply of drinking water. So everything related to communications must be known in advance in order to avoid all sorts of misunderstandings.

You need to purchase only the site on which all the necessary communications have already been carried out for a normal life in the built house

Roads and infrastructure

The presence of a convenient transport interchange, options for access to the site and the house, shops, educational institutions and other benefits of civilization significantly increase the value of the land. All these factors are of fundamental importance if there is a question of permanent residence. For a summer cottage, only transport links will be important. Or at least the presence of an asphalt road, so that it was possible to drive up.

All these factors are of fundamental importance if there is a question of permanent residence. For a summer cottage, only transport links will be important

Legal Forms

What should be considered when choosing a land plot in terms of documentation? For the construction of private houses, citizens have been allocated the territories of settlements and agricultural land - nowhere else will it be possible to build a residential building.

The most important question that needs to be answered before proceeding is the following - for what purpose will the land and the structure erected on it be used? In the event that there is a need to build a country house, the main purpose of which will be to spend summer holidays on it, then in this case it would be best to buy land for a gardening farm. However, you won't be able to register there.

Knowing how to choose a summer cottage so that the purchase of land does not disappoint in the future is useful for everyone who plans to acquire a country house with a garden and a garden. The assessment of the land plot is carried out according to a variety of criteria, each of which is considered separately.

Site characteristics

The high level of water occurrence creates problems during construction - it is impossible to equip a basement or a viewing hole in the garage, the foundation needs enhanced waterproofing.

For garden trees and shrubs, the groundwater level above 1.5 meters is detrimental - the root system cannot fully grow down, part of it constantly rots and dies. Trees and shrubs take root worse, get sick, their productivity is reduced.

The corresponding vegetation indicates a high level of groundwater, swampiness - sedge, cattail and reeds, willow, alder, thickets of coltsfoot. Pay attention to the tops of the trees - if they are withered, then the root system is not in order.

As a rule, they try to buy a plot for a manor empty in order to equip it to their liking. But if you liked the land allotment with buildings, check if the construction waste has been removed. Clearing the territory, including requiring full or partial replacement of soil mixed with construction debris, will cost a substantial amount.

See if the site requires . Numerous bumps threaten to dislocate the leg, they interfere with normal grass mowing or cutting it with a lawn mower. It is also important to check if there are pests on the site - moles annoy by digging moves, the bear destroys the crop, and it is extremely difficult to deal with it.

Maintenance costs

Estimate how much it will cost to maintain a site for a summer residence. The final amount of expenses includes taxes, as well as additional contributions to a garden society or a dacha partnership - this money usually goes to maintain roads, security, provide water for irrigation, etc. Contributions are one-time, targeted, or paid with a certain frequency.

Location

If you are going to pick up land for building, you should immediately imagine whether it will be a year-round or seasonal cottage, or a house for permanent residence. In the second case, the issue of the accessibility of shops, clinics, children's educational institutions and other infrastructure is relevant. It is important to have a public transport stop within walking distance. It is recommended to get acquainted with the neighbors in the area, the residents of the village.

Pay attention to the transport accessibility of the site - if the roads "limp" in bad weather, it will be difficult to get to the house in muddy conditions. If few people winter in the village, the roads are not cleared of snow. In an emergency, this can prevent an ambulance or fire engine from passing.

It is important that the area around the village meets your expectations. Nature lovers are better off choosing a site near a forest, lake or river. For those who prefer entertainment, it is recommended to find a site in the village near the ski slopes, horse base, rest houses, etc., in order to have access to "civilization".

Legal check of the site

It is recommended to turn to professionals to check the documentation for the site, especially if it was not issued more than ten years ago. It is necessary to order an archival extract from the resolution on the allocation of this land plot, check whether its real area is the declared one, check whether the land is in the cadastral register, having passed the land survey.

Regardless of when the document was issued for the site, you should:

• obtain an extract from the USRR;
• verify information using a public cadastral map;
• check the absence of information about buildings (buildings can be demolished, but not deregistered);
• find out about the presence of encumbrances on the site (laid cables, gas pipelines, power lines, as well as arrests, prohibitions, etc.).

The documents of the owner are also checked for compliance with the requirements of the law, whether the seller of the site belongs to the risk group (registration in a psycho-neurological or narcological institution).

Developer reputation

If you are going to buy land from a developer, be sure to check the compliance of the information he provided with the information stated in the extract from the Unified State Register of Legal Entities. The possible dishonesty and unreliability of the developer is indicated by the refusal to accept money to your current account. If he demands to transfer money according to some complex schemes, this should alert.

Connecting communications

Carefully study (or rather, show a lawyer) the contract for connecting and paying for communications before paying the bills. The terms of connection, the frequency of payments, penalties for delay should be specified in detail. If communications are summed up, the developer must have contracts with service providers on hand.

Is there a benefit

If you buy a plot in an undeveloped community and plan to build urgently, you need to be prepared to live surrounded by construction within the next 3-5 years. In the case when there is no extra money for construction, it is also better to purchase a plot in an undeveloped village. By the time you have the necessary financial resources, the infrastructure will have more or less developed, and it will be possible to immediately settle comfortably in a new house.

Please note that the plots in the inhabited village belong to the highest price category.

Conclusion

Tips on choosing a site will help you to approach the issue correctly and avoid problems associated with the legal registration of land, the builder's dishonesty, and the poor quality of the site itself.

A well-chosen land allotment will allow not only to build a comfortable country house or cottage, but also to grow abundant crops of vegetables, fruits and berries, to plant spectacular flower beds near the house.

Of course, who among us would not want to live in the center, preferably in a green area, and even in our own house. Shopping centers are at hand, medical centers to choose from, educational, cultural and leisure institutions are also nearby. And the air is good, not like near city highways, where there are eternal traffic jams and congestion.

But the relationship between mere land and land intended for individual residential construction is much more complicated - there are dozens of factors that affect the value of a land plot in addition to its location. On average in Russia, the price of a land plot within the city is 5 million per 10 acres, while the same 10 acres in the suburbs will already cost 500 thousand rubles, that is, 10 times less. It is the price that becomes the decisive factor when the question arises of buying land in a city or suburb.

If you have money, then do not save on buying a land plot, because. the market value of housing is determined only by the standard of living around it. In other words, the richer the neighbors, the more expensive your land.

Lomov. If you please remember, my Oxen Meadows border on your birch forest.
Lomov. No, you are mistaken, dear Natalya Stepanovna, they are mine.
Natalya Stepanovna. Come to your senses, Ivan Vasilyevich! How long have they been yours?
Lomov. How long ago? As far as I can remember, they have always been ours.
Natalya Stepanovna. Well, let's just say sorry!
Lomov. I'll show you the papers!
(A.P. Chekhov "Proposal")

Little has changed since Chekhov's time: the dacha remains a dacha. And the question is not only in money - the question is in the culture of being. Although, if we compare prices in cottage settlements under individual housing construction with prices in SNT, then land in non-profit garden partnerships will be 2-5 times cheaper.

Land for individual housing construction is more expensive, but you get:

• the ability to manage your site without the collective participation of the chairman and other gardeners;
• clear and correctly demarcated boundaries of the site (there will be no dispute with neighbors);
• the opportunity to get a ready-made developed infrastructure (gas, water, sewerage, security, internet);
• the opportunity to register and receive social services (medicine, school, kindergarten, firefighters, Ministry of Emergency Situations, etc.).

If you bought a summer cottage to build a house, then be prepared that for a fulfilling life you will have to spend extra money on access roads and engineering networks, and such investments can easily equalize the cost of a plot for individual housing construction with a plot in SNT. In addition, you will have to join a garden society and sometimes carry out not the most reasonable decisions of other summer residents.

In my opinion, ecology is the second most important (after price) factor. The purity of the air and the absence of harmful impurities in it are affected by the activities of industrial enterprises, the proximity and congestion of roads. As a rule, industrial zones are concentrated in certain areas of the city, but there are also single-industry towns where you can’t hide from the factory smog. As for highways, there is no definite answer here, as roads are constantly expanding and new ones are being added. For safety net, it is better to refer to the town-planning plan of the territory where you have looked after the site.

The presence or absence of a forest near a suburban area also affects the choice. It is always good to plunge into the coolness of a coniferous forest or walk along a birch forest for mushrooms, pick raspberries and strawberries in sunny glades. But only 2-3 such trees on your site can become a real problem - felling requires documentary permission (cutting ticket) and gigantic uprooting efforts.

Trees on the site - it's great, until it comes to construction ...

Infrastructure and engineering networks are in third place in my mini-rating, and the most important thing here is electricity.

Power supply

Formally, connecting electricity to a land plot costs about 600 rubles, but in practice this amount can grow by 100 or more times. This is due to the lack of opportunity or desire of local authorities to extend the power grid at the expense of the budget. In this case, the installation of an electrical substation (transformer), the purchase and installation of power line supports, the purchase and tension of wires fall on the shoulders of the owners.

Gas supply

The second most important engineering network is gas. The cost of gas in cylinders is significantly higher (now a 50-liter cylinder costs about 800 rubles), the cost of natural gas. Only for one, not the coldest winter, heating a house of 150 square meters. m. bottled gas will cost 80,000 rubles, while for main gas you will pay only 10,000. Connecting a house to a gas pipeline rarely costs more than 150,000 rubles.

Water supply

For some reason, most private developers forget about water supply when choosing a land plot. There are times when, only after construction, people realize that the water in the well they have drilled is extremely ferrous. The iron content can be 30 times higher than normal. Such water is not suitable for technical needs or for drinking, and filtration will cost a pretty penny. The most effective way to avoid such a situation is to obtain information about the quality of water from future neighbors.

Sewerage

It may be central, but the installation of a septic tank on the site costs no more than 35,000 rubles. To save money, you can install one septic tank for two houses along with neighbors.

Driveways

An ideal option when an asphalt road runs along the street, which is served by the municipality. But dirt access roads are also a working option. The quality of such a road is best assessed in the spring, when the snow melts.

The ability to connect electricity, water, gas, sewerage, the presence of roads, schools and shops create conditions for a comfortable existence and make positive adjustments in the assessment of land. You need to understand that life becomes much more complicated when at least one of the listed communications is missing in the house.

It is clear that it is impossible to build on swampy terrain, just as it is impossible to build if:

1. groundwater is very close;
2. very low density of the earth (the house can sink);
3. clayey soils are not suitable.

Significantly increases the cost of construction:

• A site with a difficult relief - a steep slope in one direction or a dip in the middle;
• If a river flows near the site, a feature of which is a wide flood in the spring (the house can be flooded).

The site should have simple shapes and equal proportions: not too narrow and not too long. Immediately discard curves, oblique and other forms unsuitable for construction. Ideally, this is a square shape of the plot with a ratio of 1 to 10. That is, if you are planning to build a house with an area of ​​150 square meters. m, then the ideal area of ​​the land should be at least 1500 sq. m or 15 acres. But, in fact, a 2-storey house with an area of ​​150 square meters is perfectly located on 4 acres.

Keep in mind that the shape and area of ​​the site will be a key factor in the design and construction of the house.

From myself I recommend paying attention to the projects of one-story houses. It is convenient to live in a one-story house, and the market value of a sq. meters will be 20-30% higher than that of a two- and even more so three-story individual residential building.

Pros and cons of land ownership

When buying land as a property, you receive a certificate (since 2016, this function has been replaced by an extract from the USRR), a guarantee of the legal purity of the transaction and peace of mind. Although here, no one will give you a 100% guarantee. There are cases when plots were seized for state programs (the construction of a highway, the pulling of power lines or gasification), and no certificates of ownership helped.

However, the new owner is subject to tax obligations: land tax for individuals (0.3% of the cadastral value per year) and tax on the sale of property (13% of 70% of the cadastral value of the object). In this regard, the purchase of land on lease also has a number of advantages.

Try not to pay taxes and you will find out who really owns your property- © David Rockefeller

Pros and cons of a plot for rent

conclusions

1. Check with the Department of Property and Land Relations (DISO) whether the land falls under the territory of water protection zones or a nature reserve, as well as in the exclusion zone of power lines or gas pipelines;
2. Find out from the local administration a long-term plan for the development of the territory;
3. Before making a decision, be sure to visit the land with the builders.

1. Location
2. Driveways.
3. The shape and slope of the site.
4. Communications.
5. The presence of trees and buildings on the site.
6. Neighbours.
7. Groundwater level and soil type.
8. The documents.
9. Topographic survey.

Determining the type of soil and groundwater level (GWL) is as important as finding out the possibility of connecting communications. If the GWL is higher than 2 meters, then it is better not to try to do the basement. Its construction, if possible, will be associated with huge costs. If the GWL is above 3 or below 25 meters, then you can forget about a well with clean water. Find out what kind of soil is on the site. This will be required during the construction of the foundation. If the soil is bulk or peat, then it is better to refuse the site.​

I am Pavel. I know you don't want to fly away with the purchase of land?!

Below are my tips on how to choose and buy a plot for building a house. There is more information at the end of the video.

Having chosen for yourself the most optimal variant of the site, you can proceed to the selection of a construction team or organization. I will tell you how to do this in the article "How to choose builders".

When buying a plot, I paid attention to:

Cadastral status of land

All plots have a status that determines the purpose of the land. SNT plots are usually offered for sale for private construction, which means a horticultural non-profit partnership, DNP - a dacha non-profit partnership and IZHS - individual housing construction (aka permanent residence).

A garden or dacha partnership can be considered for the construction of a residential building only if its chairman is your good friend or relative. Or if there are few plots in such a partnership, about 20-30, and all their owners are adequate, wealthy people who use the dacha for frequent residence and regularly pay all the due contributions and pay for services. So that it does not happen that the debt of one owner falls on the shoulders of the rest.

In settlements on the lands of individual housing construction, this cannot be, so I considered only this category of land for construction. But here it is necessary to understand that such a plot will cost much more than land in gardening, so calculate your capabilities.

Do you need gas?

I advise you to pay attention to how much you will overpay for the gasification of the site. That is, if, for example, bringing gas to the site for you will result in an amount of up to 300 thousand rubles in addition to the cost of the land, then it may make sense. But do not forget that you will still have to pay for connecting your gas equipment to the central gas pipeline.

My experience suggests that if the cost of laying a gas pipeline to the site exceeds 300 thousand, then there will be no point in gasification, and then you should not pay attention to the possibility of connecting gas. Moreover, there are other profitable options for heating a house, provided that it is sufficiently insulated. At the same time, the use of alternative coolants will be much more profitable for you.

To see your benefits, watch my video in which I compare the cost of heating a house with gas, electricity and other fuels. I use electricity to heat my house and it turned out to be much more profitable than gas. And bringing gas to the site would have paid off for me in more than 60 years.

Why heating with electricity cheaper than gas

Water is the source of life

The next important point, in my opinion, is the presence of water on the site, or rather its location. I think it is better to choose a site in such a way that there is usable water not deep from the surface of the water. We are not talking about artesian wells, the extraction of water from which will cost at least 200 thousand rubles, and for the use of such water in everyday life, special expensive filters will also be required.

An excellent option would be a centralized water supply or clean water, located so close to the surface of the earth that it is enough to build a well to extract it.

If everyone has artesian wells, then prepare 200+ thousand so that there is water in the house

In order to find out how deep the water is, I asked the neighbors. You need to ask about what kind of water they use in everyday life, if there are wells, then find out about the number of rings in them. Ask about the level of water in wells during the peak periods of the year.

The lowest water level in the earth is observed in August - September and in February - March. Therefore, if at the end of summer the inhabitants of neighboring areas observe a significant drop in the water level in the wells, then it cannot be ruled out that you will have to save water during these periods or drill an artesian well.

The possibility of draining the area

Pay attention to the slope of the site and its location relative to neighboring allotments. When considering options at the time of purchase, think about how you will arrange drainage in this area and where to drain the septic tank.

Although this water is relatively clean and can be used to water the garden, as I do. But still, if the water turnover is large or the land does not need watering, as, for example, in the spring, you need to provide for its withdrawal.

Evaluate the location of the site: if it is in a lowland or at the end of the street, then all the water from the neighbors living up the street, according to the rules of gravity, will tend to this site. In such a situation, good drainage will not save the areas from waterlogging.

I considered only areas that are not in a lowland and in such a way that water can be diverted from it somewhere further: into a ditch, a ditch, a neighboring lake, or somewhere else.

When planning drainage, I advise you to arrange it in such a way that it does not interfere with your neighbors.

Roadway and area

Distance from central highways in our climate is one of the important aspects when choosing land. I have seen this from my own experience. You will feel especially tangible inconvenience from the proximity to major highways in winter.

Choose a site deeper from the central roads - otherwise in winter you will get tired of clearing the snow, which the tractors will dump on your race

If your site is located on one of the central highways of the settlement, be prepared for the fact that all the snow cleared by vehicles from the roadway will end up on your site and the surrounding area. I saw this picture last winter not far from my house. It is clear that in order to throw away such an amount of snow to clear the passage and drive to your house, great physical effort and a lot of time will be required.

Therefore, I advise you to choose a site away from the main streets. A few more points speak in favor of this choice: firstly, the constant noise and dust from passing cars will disturb you to a lesser extent, and secondly, it will be easier for you to get out of your territory onto the road.

An important point regarding the roads passing in the immediate vicinity of the site - how much bandwidth do they have, that is, how passable it is, loaded with vehicles during rush hours and convenient for the passage of such a large number of vehicles.

For example, if your site opens onto a travel road, before exiting to the highway, in the immediate vicinity of the site, there will be an increase, then during peak hours this place will collect a large congestion of cars, forming a traffic jam. Accordingly, vehicles standing in a traffic jam will interfere with your departure from the local area.

In order to actually assess the traffic situation around the site you have chosen, I advise you to visit it in the morning, at 7-8 o'clock and in the evening, at 18-19 o'clock. If you find a congestion of cars at the exit to the road, then be prepared for the fact that the entrance to the house and the exit during peak hours will require a significant amount of time from you.

At the same time, it is very important that there are convenient access roads to the site. I have seen from my own experience that during construction, much more space is required for the manipulation of technical vehicles on and near the site, and a narrow or inconvenient entrance will create more difficulties for you at this stage and increase labor costs. Therefore, it is better if the access roads to your site are strong, wide and convenient for maneuvering large-sized heavy equipment without harming your neighbors.

My experience tells me to prefer sections along the length of the road, and not those that are adjacent to the road with a narrow side. This arrangement will be convenient if suddenly one day you decide to demarcate your allotment. Then you can get two plots of land with separate entrances. This is certainly not the most important point, but I think that this possibility is worth considering.

How far from the city?

According to my calculations, it is necessary to choose a land by distance that meets the following requirements:

• · Located no more than an hour away from your work.
• · Not more than 20-30 minutes by car from a kindergarten or school.
• · The ideal site would be in the same area where you used to live.
• · It's great if it's convenient for you to quickly take the children to their parents and return home.

I myself know people who bought land and built a house for permanent residence close to the water, but so far from the city that it takes a long time to get to work and back. Having lived in such conditions for only one season, they realize that they made a mistake in choosing a place and the water next to the house is no longer so attractive. And many hours of daily commuting to and from work is exhausting.

Necessary amenities (clean roads, garbage disposal)

When choosing a site, I strongly advise you to pay attention to some little things that will allow you to save money:

• Who, how often and for what price cleans the road leading to the site in winter.
  It is impossible to cope with such a volume of work with hands or ordinary snowplows, so several times a season you will have to hire special equipment. If your neighbors also live on the plots in winter, it will be cheaper to pay for the services of a tractor in a clubbing. In my experience, the price of the issue will be about 200 rubles for one cleaning from each owner, but I have come across cases when the neighbors shifted all these costs to the new owners, taking advantage of their ignorance of the issue.
• How is garbage disposed of?
  My experience shows that its centralized export is not only inconvenient, but also unreasonably expensive. In terms of labor costs, collecting a bag of garbage in the morning, putting it in a car and taking it to a specially designated place in your locality is hardly easier than bringing the same garbage to the city, where it is thrown away. Usually in villages, centralized garbage disposal is an organized place where all residents take waste, put it in bins, where it can lie for weeks, spreading all kinds of infection and unpleasant odors around.
• The second option is when residents put garbage on the streets, and a passing car picks it up.
  But this is also not the best way, because the machine does not always have time to collect packages before they are gutted by cats and dogs. Before garbage is collected in this way, as a rule, the car drives once a week, all waste is stored at home, which is unsanitary especially in warm weather. Therefore, at the stage of buying land, I would take an interest in how waste disposal is organized and visit the garbage collection site. But the best, in my opinion, option is to take out your garbage daily to the city.

With whom and with what is the site adjacent

I am sure that the location of the site in relation to various natural objects is also an important point: a forest, a river, a stream, and so on.

Therefore, I highlighted a few nuances for myself:

1. Proximity to the forest
will provide proximity to mosquitoes in the warm season. If you are not bothered by these blood-sucking insects, and you do not have small children, then you can safely buy land next to the forest. It is beautiful in winter and summer, it is nice to listen to the chirping of birds, you can go to the forest for mushrooms and berries. But if you are afraid of mosquitoes, choose places away from swamps and forests.

2. Who are your neighbors.
This is probably the most important thing in choosing a land.

When buying a plot, you buy neighbors and only then your peace of mind and a comfortable life. Communicate with neighbors and do not coexist with Gandons!!!

My opinion is that when you buy a plot, you buy your neighbors. And if your neighbors are good, kind, open people, then your life will be pleasant and joyful next to them.