Far Eastern District of Russia

Russian Far East(DV) is defined as a federal district, that is, an area whose territories have similar market specialization and infrastructure, and as an economic region formed for the convenience of managing economic, social and political development. Below we will consider its features, location on the map, the cities included in its composition.

DV is the territory Russian Federation occupying the entire outskirts of the eastern part of the country. The area of ​​the Far East is 6.1693 million km², which is about 36% of the entire country. The region stretches along the coast of the Pacific Ocean for almost 4.5 thousand km and is washed by the waters of the Japan, Okhotsk, Bering, Chukchi, East Siberian and Laptev Seas.

The Far East region is defined by its maritime and land borders:

• Northern part has access to the Arctic and Pacific oceans, and also borders on the western coast of the United States of America (the Bering Strait separates 2 states);
• on South It has a land border with China and Korea and a maritime state border with Japan.

Distinctive features of the geographical location of the Far East:

• remoteness from the central part of the country;
• the Far East includes a large archipelago, that is, a group of islands located nearby (Kurils, Commander Islands; Sakhalin, Wrangel Island);
• the border of the Arctic Circle passes through the territory;
• common economic space with Asian countries and with the USA;
• important transport routes are located on its territory.

Composition of the Far East

The Far East, the map with the cities of which will be presented below, includes the following regions:

Cities and towns: list

According to the Russian Federal State Statistics Service, in 2016 there were 67 cities and 149 urban-type settlements in the Far East. For a territory of 6 million km², this is a very small value. The main reason for the sparsely populated area of ​​this vast area lies in the natural-geographical factor, which will be discussed below.

Cities of the Far East of Russia:

Urban-type settlements of the Russian Far East:

Region population

The Far East, the map with the cities of which and their population shows that the population is unevenly distributed over the territory of the district, has about 6.2 million inhabitants. For example, at the beginning of 2016, about 960 thousand people lived in Yakutia, while the population density in the region was 0.3, and in the administrative center - 2.5 thousand people per square kilometer.

Such a colossal difference is typical for almost all subjects of the Russian Federation that are part of the Far East. The lowest population density in Chukotka autonomous region— 0.1 people per square kilometer. The highest is in Primorsky Krai, it is 11.7 hours per km².

In terms of total population, Primorsky Krai also leads (1.9 million people), followed by Khabarovsk Krai (1.3 million people), Sakha (960 thousand people), Amur Region (800 thousand people) , Sakhalin (490 thousand people), Kamchatka (315 thousand people), the Jewish Autonomous Region (166 thousand people), Magadan (146 thousand people), the least people live in Chukotka (50 thousand people).

In connection with the gradual outflow of the population from the regions of the Far East, the Far Eastern Hectare program was developed. According to the plan, as a result of its implementation, the population will increase and the economic indicators of the territory will increase. At the end of 2017, 34 thousand people received land plots for use.

Among the nationalities in the Far East, Russians predominate, there are also Ukrainians, Tatars, immigrants from neighboring countries - Koreans and Chinese.

Indigenous peoples, whose traditions and customs are carefully protected by the state, have a special cultural and historical value. Evenks live in Yakutia, there are about 18 thousand of them. The Nanais live in the Khabarovsk Territory and on the banks of the Amur. There are Koryaks in Kamchatka, Chukotka and the Magadan region, their number is about 8 thousand people. And in the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug - the Chukchi.

Relief features

The Far East is located at the junction of two lithospheric plates: the Pacific and the Eurasian. This fact causes periodic earthquakes (Kamchatka, Kuril Islands), including underwater ones, which leads to the formation of large waves (tsunamis), which often affect the Kamchatka Territory and the Sakhalin Region.

Most of the regions are occupied by mountains, highlands, ranges: the Dzhugdzhur Mountains in the Khabarovsk Territory, the Sredinny Ridge in the Kamchatka Territory, on Sakhalin - this is a lot of steep mountains. The highest terrain is Klyuchevskaya Sopka volcano (4750 m). Active volcanoes distributed over the territory of the Far East region have become a symbol of the border of the eastern part of Russia.

In the north are the Chukotka, Koryak and Kolyma highlands. Between them lies the Anadyr Plateau. The southern part of the Far East region is characterized by plains, mountains of medium height (the Bureinsky mountain range, the Sikhote-Alin mountains, the Zeya-Bureinskaya, Prikhankayskaya and Sredneamurskaya lowlands).

Far Eastern precipitation and air masses

The Far East, a map with cities and regions of which will help to understand meteorology, depending on the territorial location of a particular region, has a different amount of precipitation. In the northern part, on average, falls from 200 to 700 mm per year. In Chukotka, this value is: 300-700 mm per year. In the northern part of Yakutia - up to 200 mm, and in the east - up to 600 mm per year.

About 400-800 mm of precipitation falls annually in the Khabarovsk Territory, the Jewish Autonomous Region and in Primorye. The highest values ​​of precipitation in the south-east of Kamchatka are up to 2500 mm per year and on Sakhalin - 600-1200 mm per year (in particular, due to the insular and peninsular nature of the territories).

In the Kamchatka Territory, the difference in the amount of precipitation in the south and in the north can be up to 2000 mm. For the north-east of the region, a value of 300 mm per year is typical, and for the south - 2500 mm.

In the Khabarovsk Territory, most of the precipitation falls in July and August.

The monsoon climate of the Amur region brings a large amount of precipitation in summer (900-1000 mm per year). Less rain is closer to the Amur and the Zeya River. In Primorye, most of the precipitation also occurs in summer (about 800 mm per year). Due to the fact that the region is located on the coast of the Sea of ​​Japan, typhoons occur here, and bring with them even more precipitation.

Features of the temperature regime

The subjects of the Russian Federation located in the Far East are characterized by abnormally low temperatures. Permafrost is widespread in the north of the district. The spread of winter air temperature across regions ranges from -6 to -40°C. In summer, the air warms up by no more than 25°C.

In the Republic of Sakha, the difference between the coldest and warmest months of the year can be up to 70°C. In winter, the air temperature here can be -50°C. In Chukotka, the temperature is usually not lower than -39°C in winter, and up to 10°C in summer. The absolute minimum and maximum are -61°C and +34°C, respectively.

In the center of the Kamchatka Territory, the temperature fluctuates more than in other parts. In winter in the center and in the north - up to -24°C, in summer - +16°C. In the south it is about -12°C in winter, +12°C in summer.

The Khabarovsk Territory stretches along the coast of two seas, so in summer it is hot and humid here, the air temperature from north to south reaches +15 - +20°C. The average winter value is -22 - -40 ° C, it is a little warmer on the coast. In the Amur Region, temperature and generally weather conditions are similar.

Climate

The Far East, a map with cities and types of climate which will allow you to determine the patterns of weather conditions, has features characteristic of the Arctic, subarctic, as well as monsoonal and sharply continental climate types. The northern territories of the Far East Federal District are characterized by an arctic and subarctic climate.

So, most of Chukotka is located beyond the Arctic Circle, the climate here is harsh, in the center the weather conditions correspond to the continental climate. Permafrost is located in the north of Kamchatka and the Republic of Sakha, winter here lasts up to 10 months.

In most of the lands of Yakutia, in the Magadan and northwestern parts of the Amur regions, the air temperature fluctuates on a large scale, very cold winters, short summers, with low temperatures. In these subjects of the Russian Federation, winter lasts most of the year.

Sakhalin and partly in the Primorsky and Khabarovsk Territories have a monsoonal climate. Winters in these areas are wetter than on the mainland.

In Kamchatka, one can observe signs of three types of climate at once: monsoon climate on the coast, continental in the central part, and subarctic in the north. In the JAO, the monsoonal but temperate climate makes it possible to grow crops, since sufficient rainfall ennobles the soil.

In Primorye, the climate is defined as monsoonal. Due to the cold current that runs along the region, mists periodically cover the edge, and sunny days it is less than at the same latitude in the central part of Russia.

surface water

The climatic conditions of the Far East, namely, a sufficient amount of precipitation, low air temperatures, low evaporation, formed such a feature of the rivers of this region as their relatively small length. In addition to such large rivers as the Amur, Kolyma, Anadyr.

Along the river The Amur is traversed by sea vessels, and on its tributary, in the Amur Region, the Zeya, there is a large hydroelectric power station. Another one is located on another tributary of the Amur - the river. Bureya. All water streams are predominantly mountainous and powerful. The general river network refers to Pacific Ocean- after a while, streams of water flow into it.

The main location of the lakes is the areas of volcanoes or lowlands. They are located in hollows - former riverbeds or tectonic depressions. The largest lake in the area is Khanka. Swamps are spread throughout the territory.

In the zone of development of permafrost, there are icings, that is, accumulations of frozen water that has fallen to the surface as a result of natural processes (Aldan-Okhotsk watershed, upper Zeya).

Flora and fauna

The southern part of the Far East is characterized by a humid and moderately warm climate; the region has a tundra natural zone and taiga. Therefore, the flora and fauna in the Far Eastern region is filled with typical inhabitants of these natural areas.

Permafrost, which is located in the northern regions, does not allow plant roots to penetrate deep into the ground, so the entire plant world has a small height.

Flora of the Far East:

Fauna of the Far East:

Some species of birds, mammals, fish and reptiles of the Far Eastern District are included in the lists of specially protected animals under threat of extinction (listed in the Red Book). Public and state organizations of the regions are trying to restore their numbers.

Natural resources

Maps of mineral deposits, maps of water and forest reserves of the regions show that large reserves of marine, forest and mineral resources are located on the territory of the Far East region. To meet human needs in the Far East, a whole range of objects of animate and inanimate nature is used.

The regions and cities of the Far East occupy a leading position in terms of the volume of mined precious stones, minerals and metals. Natural resources are represented by a rich fish world, invertebrates and seaweed. In the southern part of the district, wood is collected and harvested.

Among the mineral resources, the reserves of tin and tungsten are of particular importance; deposits of gold, coal, lead-zinc and tin ores are located in the regions.

The Far Eastern regions have a high water supply per inhabitant. On the territory of Kamchatka and the Kuril Islands there are unique natural objects - geysers and volcanoes, which not only ensure the tourist attractiveness of the regions, but are also sources different kind metals, and can also be used to generate electricity.

The following categories of natural resources characteristic of the Far East can be distinguished:

Industry of the Far East

The industries developing in the Far East are associated with the presence of natural and fossil resources in this territory. The agro-industrial complex is made up of mining, forestry and fishing industries.

Certain types of mechanical engineering and non-ferrous metallurgy are also carried out:

Agriculture of the Far East

On the territory of the entire Far Eastern region, various types of climate are common, but most of them differ in such temperature, precipitation and other characteristics that do not allow full-fledged agriculture, as in other regions of the Russian Federation.

For the inhabitants of the eastern part of Russia, the main source of food is the animal world, since the cultivation of grain crops is possible only in the south of the district.

Peculiarities Agriculture:

Among the main agricultural products, the Far East produces eggs, milk, livestock and poultry for slaughter, and some regions grow grain. Among the Far Eastern subjects of the Russian Federation, Chukotka, the Jewish Autonomous Okrug and Magadan are the least engaged in the production of agricultural products.

The territory of the Far East occupies one third of the whole of Russia. On the map, it can be found in the very east of the country. This is an economic region with a powerful resource and industrial potential, with unique species of plants and animals, with cities whose population embodies cultural and historical originality.

Article formatting: Lozinsky Oleg

Video about the Far East

The beauty of the Russian Far East from a bird's eye view:

Search for a map of a city, village, region or country

Far East. Yandex map.

Allows you to: change the scale; measure distances; switch display modes - scheme, satellite view, hybrid. The Yandex-maps mechanism is used, it contains: districts, street names, house numbers, and other objects of cities and large villages, allows you to perform search by address(square, avenue, street + house number, etc.), for example: "Lenin street 3", "Far East hotels", etc.

If you did not find something, try the section Google satellite map: Far East or a vector map from OpenStreetMap: Far East.

Link to the selected object on the map can be sent by e-mail, icq, sms or posted on the site. For example, to show the meeting point, delivery address, location of a store, cinema, train station, etc.: align the object with the marker in the center of the map, copy the link on the left above the map and send it to the addressee - by the marker in the center, he will determine the place you specified .

Far East - online map with a satellite view: streets, houses, districts and other objects.

To change the scale, use the "mouse" scroll wheel, the "+ -" slider on the left, or the "Zoom in" button in the upper left corner of the map; to view a satellite view or a people's map - select the appropriate menu item in the upper right corner; to measure the distance - click the ruler at the bottom right and put points on the map.

Far Eastern Federal District (FEFD) is the largest federal district in Russia. It occupies 36% of the country's territory - 6216 thousand square meters. km. The share of the population is much more modest - only 5% (7.2 million people).

The huge size of the region, its length from west to east for 3 thousand km and from north to south for 3200 km led to an extraordinary variety of natural conditions: both the untold riches of the subsoil and the coastal waters of the two oceans. But the main thing for the Far East is its geopolitical position. America (Alaska) begins 35 km from Chukotka, across the Bering Strait; The forty-three-kilometer La Perouse Strait separates Sakhalin Island from the Japanese island of Hokkaido. The area borders China for 2,000 km, and the border with North Korea stretches for 60 km.

The development of the Far East by Russia began in the 1950s. XIX century, about the same time as the regions of the Far West of the United States (1845). In the middle of the 20th century, cities with millionaires (Los Angeles, San Francisco) appeared on the coast of the United States, while at the same time in our Far East the number of residents of Khabarovsk and Vladivostok barely exceeded 600 thousand.

In terms of natural resources, the Russian Far East is not inferior to the US Far West. There is everywhere hard and brown coal, oil and gas (Sakhalin), polymetals, tin, graphite (Primorsky Krai), iron and manganese ores (Jewish Autonomous Region), and they cannot even be compared in terms of forest and fur wealth.

The region's weak point is its weak transport connection with the rest of Russia. In practice, only air transport and the only heavily overloaded railway - the Trans-Siberian Railway - operate. There is almost no road communication; internal ties between regions are very weak; rivers help out in summer navigation. The leading place in interregional transportation belongs to maritime transport.

A powerful impetus for the region's economic growth could be oil and gas production on the shelf of the Sea of ​​Okhotsk. The probable resources of hydrocarbon raw materials make up 40% of all total explored reserves of Russia.

In the Far Eastern Federal District, regions of the South of the Far East, Primorsky regions and, separately, the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) can be distinguished.

The key role in the economy of the Far Eastern Federal District is played by the mining and processing industry, fishing, and the ship repair industry. Gold is mined in Yakutia and Chukotka. The Republic of Sakha also has Russia's largest explored reserves of uranium and coal, rich deposits of oil, gas, and other minerals.

Transport of the Far Eastern Federal District

The online map of the Far Eastern Federal District with borders shows that the transport infrastructure of the Far East Federal District is developed extremely unevenly. There are practically no paved roads in the northern regions. Moving by road on many roads is possible only in the winter season, and the main traffic load falls on waterways and small aircraft. Sea routes of communication are also extremely important for Primorye. The auto and railway network is more developed here than in the north of the Far Eastern Federal District.

The most important roads:

• Highway A384: the only federal highway in Chukotka, a 30-kilometer road from the Anadyr helipad to the airport in Coal Mines.
• Federal highway "Kolyma", R504: 2000-kilometer route from Yakutsk to Magadan.
• Federal highway "Lena", A360: 1150-kilometer Amur-Yakutsk highway connecting settlements Primorye with administrative center Republic of Sakha.
• Federal highway "Vilyui", A331: 3000-kilometer highway, which is in the process of construction. At the moment, only certain sections are operated, including routes along the "winter roads". Upon completion of the construction, the highway should provide a reliable road connection between the Irkutsk region and Yakutia.

Railroads

In the northern regions, the railway infrastructure is represented by only a few narrow-gauge railways of mining enterprises. On the territory of the southern regions of the Far Eastern Federal District (Primorye and Khabarovsk Territory), there are significant sections of the largest railway lines Transsib and BAM.